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service shall not exceed that which can be safely handled by
the ATC unit concerned under the prevailing circumstances. In
order to define the maximum number of flights which can be
safely accommodated, the appropriate ATS authority should
assess and declare the ATC capacity for control areas, for
control sectors within a control area and for aerodromes.
3.1.1.3 ATC capacity should be expressed as the
maximum number of aircraft which can be accepted over a
given period of time within the airspace or at the aerodrome
concerned.
Note.— The most appropriate measure of capacity is likely
to be the sustainable hourly traffic flow. Such hourly capacities
can, for example, be converted into daily, monthly or annual
values.
3.1.2 Capacity assessment
In assessing capacity values, factors to be taken into account
should include, inter alia:
a) the level and type of ATS provided;
b) the structural complexity of the control area, the
control sector or the aerodrome concerned;
c) controller workload, including control and coordination
tasks to be performed;
d) the types of communications, navigation and surveillance
systems in use, their degree of technical
reliability and availability as well as the availability of
back-up systems and/or procedures;
e) availability of ATC systems providing controller
support and alert functions; and
f) any other factor or element deemed relevant to
controller workload.
Note.— Summaries of techniques which may be used to
estimate control sector/position capacities are contained in the
Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426).
3.1.3 Regulation of ATC capacity
and traffic volumes
3.1.3.1 Where traffic demand varies significantly on a
daily or periodic basis, facilities and procedures should be
implemented to vary the number of operational sectors or
working positions to meet the prevailing and anticipated
demand. Applicable procedures should be contained in local
instructions.
3.1.3.2 In case of particular events which have a negative
impact on the declared capacity of an airspace or aerodrome,
the capacity of the airspace or aerodrome concerned shall be
reduced accordingly for the required time period. Whenever
possible, the capacity pertaining to such events should be predetermined.
3.1.3.3 To ensure that safety is not compromised
whenever the traffic demand in an airspace or at an aerodrome
is forecast to exceed the available ATC capacity, measures
shall be implemented to regulate traffic volumes accordingly.
3.1.4 Enhancements of ATC capacity
3.1.4.1 The appropriate ATS authority should:
3-2 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
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a) periodically review ATS capacities in relation to traffic
demand; and
b) provide for flexible use of airspace in order to improve
the efficiency of operations and increase capacity.
3.1.4.2 In the event that traffic demand regularly exceeds
ATC capacity, resulting in continuing and frequent traffic
delays, or it becomes apparent that forecast traffic demand will
exceed capacity values, the appropriate ATS authority should,
as far as practicable:
a) implement steps aimed at maximizing the use of the
existing system capacity; and
b) develop plans to increase capacity to meet the actual or
forecast demand.
3.1.5 Flexible use of airspace
3.1.5.1 The appropriate authorities should, through the
establishment of agreements and procedures, make provision
for the flexible use of all airspace in order to increase airspace
capacity and to improve the efficiency and flexibility of
aircraft operations. When applicable, such agreements and
procedures should be established on the basis of a regional air
navigation agreement.
3.1.5.2 Agreements and procedures providing for a
flexible use of airspace should specify, inter alia:
a) the horizontal and vertical limits of the airspace
concerned;
b) the classification of any airspace made available for
use by civil air traffic;
c) units or authorities responsible for transfer of the
airspace;
d) conditions for transfer of the airspace to the ATC unit
concerned;
e) conditions for transfer of the airspace from the ATC
unit concerned;
f) periods of availability of the airspace;
g) any limitations on the use of the airspace concerned;
and
h) any other relevant procedures or information.
3.2 AIR TRAFFIC FLOW MANAGEMENT
3.2.1 General
3.2.1.1 An air traffic flow management (ATFM) service
shall be implemented for airspace where traffic demand at
times exceeds the defined ATC capacity.
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