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longitudinal separation from other aircraft shall be provided.
Criteria and procedures for the simultaneous use of adjacent
holding patterns shall be prescribed in local instructions.
Note.— See Chapter 5, Section 5.5, concerning separation
of aircraft holding in flight.
6.5.5.7 Levels at holding points shall as far as practicable
be assigned in a manner that will facilitate clearing each
aircraft to approach in its proper priority. Normally, the first
aircraft to arrive over a holding point should be at the lowest
level, with following aircraft at successively higher levels.
6.5.5.8 When extended holding is anticipated, turbojet
aircraft should, when practicable, be permitted to hold at
higher levels in order to conserve fuel, whilst retaining their
order in the approach sequence.
6.5.5.9 If an aircraft is unable to comply with the
published or cleared holding procedure, alternative instructions
shall be issued.
6.5.5.10 For the purpose of maintaining a safe and
orderly flow of traffic, an aircraft may be instructed to orbit at
its present or at any other position, provided the required
obstacle clearance is ensured.
6.5.6 Approach sequence
6.5.6.1 GENERAL
The following procedures shall be applied whenever
approaches are in progress.
6.5.6.1.1 The approach sequence shall be established in a
manner which will facilitate arrival of the maximum number
of aircraft with the least average delay. Priority shall be given
to:
a) an aircraft which anticipates being compelled to land
because of factors affecting the safe operation of the
aircraft (engine failure, shortage of fuel, etc.);
b) hospital aircraft or aircraft carrying any sick or
seriously injured person requiring urgent medical
attention;
c) aircraft engaged in search and rescue operations; and
d) other aircraft as may be determined by the appropriate
authority.
Note.— An aircraft which has encountered an emergency is
handled as outlined in Chapter 15, Section 15.1.
6.5.6.1.2 Succeeding aircraft shall be cleared for
approach:
a) when the preceding aircraft has reported that it is able
to complete its approach without encountering instrument
meteorological conditions; or
b) when the preceding aircraft is in communication with
and sighted by the aerodrome control tower and
reasonable assurance exists that a normal landing can
be accomplished, or
c) when timed approaches are used, the preceding aircraft
has passed the defined point inbound and reasonable
assurance exists that a normal landing can be
accomplished;
Note.— See 6.5.6.2.1 concerning timed approach
procedures.
d) when the required longitudinal spacing between
succeeding aircraft, as observed by radar, has been
established.
6.5.6.1.3 In establishing the approach sequence, the need
for increased longitudinal spacing between arriving aircraft
due to wake turbulence shall be taken into account.
6.5.6.1.4 If the pilot of an aircraft in an approach
sequence has indicated an intention to hold for weather
improvement, or for other reasons, such action shall be
approved. However, when other holding aircraft indicate
intention to continue their approach-to-land, the pilot desiring
to hold will be cleared to an adjacent fix for holding awaiting
weather change or re-routing. Alternatively, the aircraft should
be given a clearance to place it at the top of the approach
sequence so that other holding aircraft may be permitted to
6-6 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
land. Coordination shall be effected with any adjacent ATC
unit or control sector, when required, to avoid conflict with the
traffic under the jurisdiction of that unit or sector.
6.5.6.1.5 When establishing the approach sequence, an
aircraft which has been authorized to absorb a specified period
of notified terminal delay by cruising at a reduced speed en
route, should, in so far as practicable, be credited with the time
absorbed en route.
6.5.6.2 SEQUENCING AND SPACING OF
INSTRUMENT APPROACHES
6.5.6.2.1 TIMED APPROACH PROCEDURES
6.5.6.2.1.1 Subject to approval by the appropriate ATS
authority, the following procedure should be utilized as
necessary to expedite the approaches of a number of arriving
aircraft:
a) a suitable point on the approach path, which shall be
capable of being accurately determined by the pilot,
shall be specified, to serve as a check point in timing
successive approaches;
b) aircraft shall be given a time at which to pass the
specified point inbound, which time shall be determined
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