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e) radiocommunication with the aircraft is retained by the
transferring radar controller until the accepting radar
controller has agreed to assume responsibility for
providing radar service to the aircraft. Thereafter, the
aircraft should be instructed to change over to the
appropriate frequency and from that point is the
responsibility of the accepting radar controller.
Chapter 8. Radar Services 8-13
1/11/01
Figure 8-1A. Operating directly behind (see 8.7.4.4 and 8.7.4.4.1)
Figures 8-1B. Crossing behind (see 8.7.4.4 and 8.7.4.4.1).
7.4/9.3/11.1/9.3 km
(4.0/5.0/6.0/5.0 NM)
7.4 km (4.0 NM) — HEAVY behind a HEAVY
9.3 km (5.0 NM) — MEDIUM behind a HEAVY
11.1 km (6.0 NM) — LIGHT behind a HEAVY
9.3 km (5.0 NM) — LIGHT behind a MEDIUM
7.4/9.3/11.1/9.3 km
(4.0/5.0/6.0/5.0 NM)
7.4 km (4.0 NM) — HEAVY behind a HEAVY
9.3 km (5.0 NM) — MEDIUM behind a HEAVY
11.1 km (6.0 NM) — LIGHT behind a HEAVY
9.3 km (5.0 NM) — LIGHT behind a MEDIUM
8-14 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
8.7.6 Speed control
Subject to conditions specified by the appropriate ATS
authority, including consideration of aircraft performance
limitations, a radar controller may, in order to facilitate radar
control or to reduce the need for radar vectoring, request
aircraft under radar control to adjust their speed in a specified
manner.
Note.— Procedures for speed control instructions are
contained in Chapter 4, Section 4.6.
8.8 EMERGENCIES, HAZARDS AND
EQUIPMENT FAILURES
Note.— See also Chapter 15.
8.8.1 Emergencies
8.8.1.1 In the event of an aircraft in, or appearing to be
in, any form of emergency, every assistance shall be provided
by the radar controller, and the procedures prescribed herein
may be varied according to the situation.
8.8.1.2 The progress of an aircraft in emergency shall be
monitored and (whenever possible) plotted on the radar display
until the aircraft passes out of radar coverage, and position
information shall be provided to all air traffic services units
which may be able to give assistance to the aircraft. Radar
transfer to adjacent radar sectors shall also be effected when
appropriate.
Note.— If the pilot of an aircraft encountering a state of
emergency has previously been directed by ATC to operate the
transponder on a specific code, that code will normally be
maintained unless, in special circumstances, the pilot has
decided or has been advised otherwise. Where ATC has not
requested a code to be set, the pilot will set the transponder to
Mode A Code 7700.
8.8.2 Collision hazard information
8.8.2.1 When an identified controlled flight is observed
to be on a conflicting path with an unknown aircraft deemed
to constitute a collision hazard, the pilot of the controlled
flight shall, whenever practicable:
a) be informed of the unknown aircraft and if so
requested by the controlled flight or, if in the opinion
of the radar controller the situation warrants, a course
of avoiding action should be suggested; and
b) be notified when the conflict no longer exists.
8.8.2.2 When an identified IFR flight operating outside
controlled airspace is observed to be on a conflicting path with
another aircraft, the pilot should:
a) be informed as to the need for collision avoidance
action to be initiated, and if so requested by the pilot
or if, in the opinion of the radar controller, the
situation warrants, a course of avoiding action should
be suggested; and
b) be notified when the conflict no longer exists.
8.8.2.3 Information regarding traffic on a conflicting
path should be given, whenever practicable, in the following
form:
a) relative bearing of the conflicting traffic in terms of
the 12-hour clock;
b) distance from the conflicting traffic in kilometres
(nautical miles);
c) direction in which the conflicting traffic appears to be
proceeding;
d) level and type of aircraft or, if unknown, relative speed
of the conflicting traffic, e.g. slow or fast.
8.8.2.4 SSR Mode C-derived level information, even
when unverified, should be used in the provision of collision
hazard information because such information, particularly if
available from an otherwise unknown aircraft (e.g. a VFR
flight) and given to the pilot of a known aircraft, could
facilitate the location of a collision hazard.
8.8.2.4.1 When the Mode C-derived level information
has been verified, the information shall be passed to pilots in
a clear and unambiguous manner. If the level information has
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