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moderate or severe turbulence, wind shear, hail, moderate or
severe icing, severe squall line, freezing precipitation, severe
mountain waves, sand storm, dust storm, blowing snow,
tornado or waterspout.
Chapter 6. Visual Separation in the Vicinity of Aerodromes 6-3
1/11/01
6.4.2 Operational status of visual
or non-visual aids
Information regarding changes in the operational status of
visual or non-visual aids essential for take-off and climb shall
be transmitted without delay to a departing aircraft, except
when it is known that the aircraft already has received the
information.
6.5 PROCEDURES FOR ARRIVING
AIRCRAFT
6.5.1 General
6.5.1.1 When it becomes evident that delays will be
encountered by arriving aircraft, operators or designated
representatives shall, to the extent practicable, be notified and
kept currently informed of any changes in such expected
delays.
6.5.1.2 Arriving aircraft may be required to report when
leaving or passing a significant point or navigation aid, or
when starting procedure turn or base turn, or to provide other
information required by the controller, to expedite departing
and arriving aircraft.
6.5.1.3 An IFR flight shall not be cleared for an initial
approach below the appropriate minimum altitude as specified
by the State concerned nor to descend below that altitude
unless:
a) the pilot has reported passing an appropriate point
defined by a navigation aid or as a waypoint; or
b) the pilot reports that the aerodrome is and can be
maintained in sight; or
c) the aircraft is conducting a visual approach; or
d) the aircraft’s position has been determined by the use
of radar, and a lower minimum altitude has been
specified for use when providing radar services.
6.5.1.4 At aerodromes where standard instrument arrivals
(STARs) have been established, arriving aircraft should
normally be cleared to follow the appropriate STAR. The
aircraft shall be informed of the type of approach to expect and
runway-in-use as early as possible.
Note.— See Section 6.5.2 concerning Standard arrival
clearances.
6.5.1.5 After coordination with the approach control unit,
the ACC may clear the first arriving aircraft for approach
rather than to a holding point.
6.5.2 Standard clearances for arriving aircraft
6.5.2.1 GENERAL
The appropriate ATS authority should, wherever possible,
establish standardized procedures for transfer of control
between the ATC units concerned and standard clearances for
arriving aircraft.
Note.— The provisions applying to standardized
procedures for coordination and transfer of control are
specified in Chapter 10, Section 10.4.1.
6.5.2.2 COORDINATION
6.5.2.2.1 Where standard clearances for arriving aircraft
are in use and, provided no terminal delay is expected,
clearance to follow the appropriate STAR will normally be
issued by the ACC without prior coordination with or approval
from the approach control unit or the aerodrome control tower
as applicable.
6.5.2.2.2 Prior coordination of clearances should be
required only in the event that a variation to the standard
clearance or the standardized transfer of control procedures is
necessary or desirable for operational reasons.
6.5.2.2.3 Provision shall be made to ensure that the
approach control unit is at all times kept informed of the
sequence of aircraft following the same STAR.
6.5.2.2.4 Provision shall be made to display the
designators of assigned STARs to the ACC, the approach
control unit and/or the aerodrome control tower, as applicable.
6.5.2.3 CONTENTS
Standard clearances for arriving aircraft shall contain the
following items:
a) aircraft identification;
b) designator of the assigned STAR;
c) runway-in-use, except when part of the STAR
description;
6-4 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
d) initial level, except when this element is included in
the STAR description; and
e) any other necessary instructions or information not
contained in the STAR description, e.g. change of
communications.
6.5.3 Visual approach
6.5.3.1 Subject to the conditions in 6.5.3.3, clearance for
an IFR flight to execute a visual approach may be requested by
a flight crew or initiated by the controller. In the latter case, the
concurrence of the flight crew shall be required.
6.5.3.2 Controllers shall exercise caution in initiating a
visual approach when there is reason to believe that the flight
crew concerned is not familiar with the aerodrome and its
surrounding terrain. Controllers should also take into consideration
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