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when the aircraft is in a clean configuration.
4.6.3 Descending and arriving aircraft
4.6.3.1 An aircraft should, when practicable, be
authorized to absorb a period of notified terminal delay by
cruising at a reduced speed for the latter portion of its flight.
4.6.3.2 An arriving aircraft may be instructed to maintain
its “maximum speed”, “minimum clean speed”, “minimum
speed”, or a specified speed.
Note.— “Minimum clean speed” signifies the minimum
speed at which an aircraft can be flown in a clean
configuration, i.e. without deployment of lift-augmentation
devices, speed brakes or landing gear.
4.6.3.3 Speed reductions to less than 460 km/h
(250 knots) IAS for turbojet aircraft during initial descent from
cruising level should be applied only with the concurrence of
the flight crew.
4.6.3.4 Instructions for an aircraft to simultaneously
maintain a high rate of descent and reduce its speed should be
avoided as such manoeuvres are normally not compatible. Any
significant speed reduction during descent may require the
aircraft to temporarily level off to reduce speed before
continuing descent.
4.6.3.5 Arriving aircraft should be permitted to operate in
a clean configuration for as long as possible. Below 4 550 m
(FL 150), speed reductions for turbojet aircraft to not less than
410 km/h (220 knots) IAS, which will normally be very close
to the minimum speed of turbojet aircraft in a clean
configuration, may be used.
4.6.3.6 Only minor speed reductions not exceeding
plus/minus 40 km/h (20 knots) IAS should be used for aircraft
on intermediate and final approach.
4.6.3.7 Speed control should not be applied to aircraft
after passing a point 7 km (4 NM) from the threshold on final
approach.
4.7 VERTICAL SPEED CONTROL
INSTRUCTIONS
4.7.1 General
4.7.1.1 In order to facilitate a safe and orderly flow of
traffic, aircraft may be instructed to adjust rate of climb or rate
of descent. Vertical speed control may be applied between two
climbing aircraft or two descending aircraft in order to
establish or maintain a specific vertical separation minimum.
4.7.1.2 Vertical speed control shall not be applied
between aircraft entering or established in a holding pattern.
4.7.1.3 Vertical speed adjustments should be limited to
those necessary to establish and/or maintain a desired
separation minimum. Instructions involving frequent changes
of climb/descent rates should be avoided.
4.7.1.4 The flight crew shall inform the ATC unit
concerned if unable, at any time, to comply with a specified
rate of climb or descent. In such cases, the controller shall
apply an alternative method to achieve an appropriate
separation minimum between aircraft, without delay.
4.7.1.5 Aircraft shall be advised when a rate of
climb/descent restriction is no longer required.
4.7.2 Methods of application
4.7.2.1 An aircraft may be instructed to expedite climb or
descent as appropriate to or through a specified level, or may
be instructed to reduce its rate of climb or rate of descent.
4.7.2.2 Climbing aircraft may be instructed to maintain a
specified rate of climb, a rate of climb equal to or greater than
a specified value or a rate of climb equal to or less than a
specified value.
4.7.2.3 Descending aircraft may be instructed to maintain
a specified rate of descent, a rate of descent equal to or greater
than a specified value or a rate of descent equal to or less than
a specified value.
4.7.2.4 In applying vertical speed control, the controller
should ascertain to which level(s) climbing aircraft can sustain
a specified rate of climb or, in the case of descending aircraft,
the specified rate of descent which can be sustained, and shall
ensure that alternative methods of maintaining separation can
be applied in a timely manner, if required.
4-8 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
Note.— Controllers need to be aware of aircraft performance
characteristics and limitations in relation to a
simultaneous application of horizontal and vertical speed
limitations.
4.8 CHANGE FROM IFR TO VFR FLIGHT
4.8.1 Change from instrument flight rules (IFR) flight to
visual flight rules (VFR) flight is only acceptable when a
message initiated by the pilot-in-command containing the
specific expression “CANCELLING MY IFR FLIGHT”,
together with the changes, if any, to be made to the current
flight plan, is received by an air traffic services unit. No
invitation to change from IFR flight to VFR flight is to be
made either directly or by inference.
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