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8.6.1.3 The radar controller shall report, in accordance
with local procedures, any fault in the equipment, or any
incident requiring investigation, or any circumstances which
make it difficult or impractical to provide radar services.
8.6.2 Identification of aircraft
8.6.2.1 ESTABLISHMENT OF RADAR IDENTIFICATION
8.6.2.1.1 Before providing radar service to an aircraft,
radar identification shall be established and the pilot informed.
Thereafter, radar identification shall be maintained
until termination of the radar service.
8.6.2.1.2 If radar identification is subsequently lost, the
pilot shall be informed accordingly and, when applicable,
appropriate instructions issued.
8.6.2.1.3 Radar identification shall be established by at
least one of the following methods.
8.6.2.2 SSR IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES
8.6.2.2.1 Where SSR is used, aircraft may be identified
by one or more of the following procedures:
a) recognition of the aircraft identification in a radar
label;
Note.— The use of this procedure requires that the
code/call sign correlation is achieved successfully,
taking into account the Note following b) below.
b) recognition of an assigned discrete code, the setting of
which has been verified, in a radar label;
Note.— The use of this procedure requires a
system of code assignment which ensures that each
aircraft in a given portion of airspace is assigned a
discrete code (see 8.5.2.2.7).
c) direct recognition of the aircraft identification of a
Mode S-equipped aircraft in a radar label;
Note.— The aircraft identification feature
available in Mode S transponders provides the means
to identify directly individual aircraft on radar
displays and thus offers the potential to eliminate
ultimately the recourse to Mode A discrete codes for
individual identification. This elimination will only be
achieved in a progressive manner depending on the
state of deployment of suitable ground and airborne
installations.
d) by transfer of radar identification (see 8.6.3);
e) observation of compliance with an instruction to set a
specific code;
f) observation of compliance with an instruction to
squawk IDENT;
Note 1.— In automated radar systems, the
“IDENT” feature may be presented in different ways,
e.g. as a flashing of all or part of the radar position
and associated data block.
Note 2.— Garbling of transponder replies may
produce “IDENT”-type of indications. Nearly simultaneous
“IDENT” transmissions within the same area
may give rise to errors in identification.
8.6.2.2.2 When a discrete code has been assigned to an
aircraft, a check shall be made at the earliest opportunity to
ensure that the code set by the pilot is identical to that assigned
for the flight. Only after this check has been made shall the
discrete code be used as a basis for identification.
8.6.2.3 PSR IDENTIFICATION PROCEDURES
8.6.2.3.1 Where SSR is not used or available, radar
identification shall be established by at least one of the
following methods:
8-6 Air Traffic Management (PANS-ATM)
1/11/01
a) by correlating a particular radar position indication
with an aircraft reporting its position over, or as
bearing and distance from, a point displayed on the
radar map, and by ascertaining that the track of the
particular radar position is consistent with the aircraft
path or reported heading;
Note 1.— Caution must be exercised when
employing this method since a position reported in
relation to a point may not coincide precisely with the
radar position indication of the aircraft on the radar
map. The appropriate ATS authority may, therefore,
prescribe additional conditions for the application of
this method, e.g.:
i) a level or levels above which this method may not
be applied in respect of specified navigation aids;
or
ii) a distance from the radar site beyond which this
method may not be applied.
Note 2.— The term “a point” refers to a
geographical point suitable for the purposes of radar
identification. It is normally a reporting point defined
by reference to a radio navigation aid or aids.
b) by correlating an observed radar position indication
with an aircraft which is known to have just departed,
provided that the identification is established within
2 km (1 NM) from the end of the runway used.
Particular care should be taken to avoid confusion
with aircraft holding over or overflying the aerodrome,
or with aircraft departing from or making a
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