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area at a cruising level which is below the established
minimum cruising level for a subsequent portion of the route,
the ATC unit responsible for the area should issue a revised
clearance to the aircraft even though the pilot has not requested
the necessary cruising level change.
5.3.3.5 An aircraft may be cleared to change cruising
level at a specified time, place or rate.
Note.— See Chapter 4, Section 4.7, concerning procedures
for vertical speed control.
5.3.3.6 In so far as practicable, cruising levels of aircraft
flying to the same destination shall be assigned in a manner
that will be correct for an approach sequence at destination.
5.3.3.7 An aircraft at a cruising level shall normally have
priority over other aircraft requesting that cruising level. When
two or more aircraft are at the same cruising level, the preceding
aircraft shall normally have priority.
5.3.3.8 The cruising levels, or, in the case of cruise
climb, the range of levels, to be assigned to controlled flights
shall be selected from those allocated to IFR flights in:
a) the tables of cruising levels in Appendix 3 of Annex 2;
or
b) a modified table of cruising levels, when so prescribed
in accordance with Appendix 3 of Annex 2 for flights
above flight level 410;
except that the correlation of levels to track as prescribed
therein shall not apply whenever otherwise indicated in air
traffic control clearances or specified by the appropriate ATS
authority in AIPs.
5.3.4 Vertical separation during climb or descent
5.3.4.1 An aircraft may be cleared to a level previously
occupied by another aircraft after the latter has reported
vacating it, except when:
a) severe turbulence is known to exist;
b) the higher aircraft is effecting a cruise climb; or
c) the difference in aircraft performance is such that less
than the applicable separation minimum may result;
in which case such clearance shall be withheld until the
aircraft vacating the level has reported at or passing another
level separated by the required minimum.
5.3.4.1.1 When the aircraft concerned are established in
the same holding pattern, consideration shall be given to
aircraft descending at markedly different rates and, if
necessary, additional measures such as specifying a maximum
descent rate for the higher aircraft and a minimum descent rate
for the lower aircraft, should be applied to ensure that the
required separation is maintained.
5.3.4.2 Pilots in direct communication with each other
may, with their concurrence, be cleared to maintain a specified
vertical separation between their aircraft during ascent or
descent.
Chapter 5. Separation Methods and Minima 5-3
1/11/01
5.4 HORIZONTAL SEPARATION
Note 1.— Nothing in the provisions detailed in Sections
5.4.1 and 5.4.2 hereunder precludes a State from establishing:
a) other minima for use in circumstances not prescribed;
or
b) additional conditions to those prescribed for the use of
a given minimum;
provided that the level of safety inherent in the provisions
detailed in Sections 5.4.1 and 5.4.2 hereunder is at all times
assured.
Note 2.— Details on track spacing between parallel routes
are provided in Annex 11, Attachments A and B.
Note 3.— Attention is drawn to the following guidance
material:
a) Air Traffic Services Planning Manual (Doc 9426);
b) Manual on Airspace Planning Methodology for the
Determination of Separation Minima (Doc 9689); and
c) Manual on Required Navigation Performance (RNP)
(Doc 9613).
Note 4.— Provisions concerning reductions in separation
minima are contained in Section 5.11 and in Chapter 2, ATS
safety management.
5.4.1 Lateral separation
5.4.1.1 LATERAL SEPARATION APPLICATION
5.4.1.1.1 Lateral separation shall be applied so that the
distance between those portions of the intended routes for
which the aircraft are to be laterally separated is never less
than an established distance to account for navigational
inaccuracies plus a specified buffer. This buffer shall be
determined by the appropriate authority and included in the
lateral separation minima as an integral part thereof.
Note.— In the minima specified in 5.4.1.2 an appropriate
buffer has already been included.
5.4.1.1.2 Lateral separation of aircraft is obtained by
requiring operation on different routes or in different geographical
locations as determined by visual observation, by the
use of navigation aids or by the use of area navigation (RNAV)
equipment.
5.4.1.1.3 When information is received indicating
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