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a) Aircraft stand taxilane. A portion of an apron
designated as a taxiway and intended to provide access
to aircraft stands only.
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b) Apron taxiway. A portion of a taxiway system located
on an apron and intended to provide a through taxi
route across the apron.
c) Rapid exit taxiway. A taxiway connected to a runway
at an acute angle and designed to allow landing
aeroplanes to turn off at higher speeds than are
achieved on other exit taxiways thereby minimizing
runway occupancy times.
Terminal control area (TMA). A control area normally
established at the confluence of ATS routes in the vicinity
of one or more major aerodromes.
Threshold. The beginning of that portion of the runway usable
for landing.
Total estimated elapsed time. For IFR flights, the estimated
time required from take-off to arrive over that designated
point, defined by reference to navigation aids, from which
it is intended that an instrument approach procedure will
be commenced, or, if no navigation aid is associated with
the destination aerodrome, to arrive over the destination
aerodrome. For VFR flights, the estimated time required
from take-off to arrive over the destination aerodrome.
Touchdown. The point where the nominal glide path
intercepts the runway.
Note.— “Touchdown” as defined above is only a
datum and is not necessarily the actual point at which the
aircraft will touch the runway.
Track. The projection on the earth’s surface of the path of an
aircraft, the direction of which path at any point is usually
expressed in degrees from North (true, magnetic or grid).
Traffic avoidance advice. Advice provided by an air traffic
services unit specifying manoeuvres to assist a pilot to
avoid a collision.
Traffic information. Information issued by an air traffic
services unit to alert a pilot to other known or observed air
traffic which may be in proximity to the position or
intended route of flight and to help the pilot avoid a
collision.
Transfer of control point. A defined point located along the
flight path of an aircraft, at which the responsibility for
providing air traffic control service to the aircraft is
transferred from one control unit or control position to the
next.
Transferring unit/controller. Air traffic control unit/air traffic
controller in the process of transferring the responsibility
for providing air traffic control service to an aircraft to the
next air traffic control unit/air traffic controller along the
route of flight.
Note.— See definition of “accepting unit/controller”.
Transition altitude. The altitude at or below which the vertical
position of an aircraft is controlled by reference to
altitudes.
Transition layer. The airspace between the transition altitude
and the transition level.
Transition level. The lowest flight level available for use
above the transition altitude.
Uncertainty phase. A situation wherein uncertainty exists as
to the safety of an aircraft and its occupants.
Unmanned free balloon. A non-power-driven, unmanned,
lighter-than-air aircraft in free flight.
Note.— Unmanned free balloons are classified as
heavy, medium or light in accordance with specifications
contained in Annex 2, Appendix 4.
VFR. The symbol used to designate the visual flight rules.
VFR flight. A flight conducted in accordance with the visual
flight rules.
Visibility. Visibility for aeronautical purposes is the greater of:
a) the greatest distance at which a black object of suitable
dimensions, situated near the ground, can be seen and
recognized when observed against a bright
background;
b) the greatest distance at which lights in the vicinity of
1 000 candelas can be seen and identified against an
unlit background.
Note.— The two distances have different values in air of a
given extinction coefficient, and the latter b) varies with the
background illumination. The former a) is represented by the
meteorological optical range (MOR).
Visual approach. An approach by an IFR flight when either
part or all of an instrument approach procedure is not
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completed and the approach is executed in visual reference
to terrain.
Visual meteorological conditions. Meteorological conditions
expressed in terms of visibility, distance from cloud, and
ceiling, equal to or better than specified minima.
Note.— The specified minima are contained in
Annex 2, Chapter 4.
VMC. The symbol used to designate visual meteorological
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