. If doubt exists about a clearance, request confirmation from ATC, do not attempt to guess an instruction or clearance based on flight deck discussion.
Task prioritization and task sharing:
The following guidelines and recommendations should be considered for optimum prioritization of tasks and task sharing:
. Reduce non-essential tasks during climb and descent ( in addition to the sterile cockpit rule, some operators consider the last 1000 ft before reaching any assigned altitude as a sterile-cockpit period );
.
Monitor / supervise the operation of AP for correct level-off at the cleared altitude and for correct compliance with altitude or time restrictions (constraints);
.
Plan tasks that prevent attentive listening to radio communications (such as copying the ATIS, company calls, and passengers-address announcements) during periods of less ATC communication.
.
When one crewmember cannot monitor the ATC frequency because of other duties or because leaving the cockpit, the other crewmember should :
. Acknowledge receiving the radio and controls, as applicable;
. Check the radio volume to ensure adequate reception of ATC calls;
. Give an increased attention to listening / confirming / reading back (because of the momentary absence of backup ); and,
. Brief the other crew member when he/she returns, highlighting any relevant new information and any change in the ATC clearance or instructions.
Altitude-setting procedures:
The following techniques should be considered for enhancing standard operating procedures (SOPs):
.
When receiving an altitude clearance, set the cleared altitude value immediately in the selected altitude window (even before readback, if deemed more suitable due to workload);
.
Ensure that the altitude selected is cross-checked by both crewmembers (e.g., each crew member should verbalize what he or she heard and then point to the selected altitude window to confirm that the correct value has been set);
.
Ensure that the cleared altitude is above the sector minimum safe altitude; and,
.
When under radar vectoring, be aware of the applicable minimum vectoring altitude for the sector or positively request confirmation of an altitude clearance below the sector MSA.
Altitude Deviations
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Flight Operations Support
Callouts:
Use standard calls to increase the PF / PNF situational awareness, to ensure an effective backup and challenge, and detect a previous error on the assigned / cleared altitude or FL:
.
Modes changes on FMA and changes of targets on PFD/ND;
.
Leaving [...] for […] , when a 500 ft/mn vertical speed has been established; and altimeter indicates departure from the previous altitude; and,
.
One to go ;
One thousand to go “; or,
[…] for […],
when within 1000 ft from the cleared altitude or FL.
When within 1000 ft from the cleared altitude / FL or from an altitude restriction (constraint):
.
PF should concentrate on instruments scanning (one head in); and,
.
PNF should watch outside for traffic, if in VMC (one head out).
Flight Level or Altitude Confusion
Confusion between FL 100 and FL 110 (or between 10 000 ft / 11 000 ft) is usually the result of the combination of two or more of the following factors:
.
Readback / hearback error because of similar sounding phrases;
.
Absence of standard phraseology :
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