Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(63)

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Nevertheless, even pilots and controllers for whom English is the native language may not understand all communications spoken in English, because of regional accents or dialects.
Language differences generate significant communication difficulties worldwide.
Controllers using both English ( for communication with international flights ) and the country’s native language ( for communication with domestic flights ) prevent pilots from achieving the desired level of situational awareness ( because of loss of “party-line communications” ).
Use of Nonstandard Phraseology
Use of nonstandard phraseology is a major obstacle to voice communications.
Standard phraseology is intended to be easily and quickly recognized.
Effective Pilot / Controller Communications
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Pilots and controllers expect each other to use standard phraseology.
Standard phraseology helps lessen the ambiguities of spoken language and thus guarantees a common understanding among speakers:
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Of different native languages, or,

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Of the same native language but who use or understand words differently (e.g., regional accents or dialects).

Nonstandard phraseology or the omission of key words may change completely the meaning of the intended message, resulting in potential conflicts.
For example, any message containing a “number“ should indicate whether the number refers to an altitude, a heading or an airspeed. Including key words prevents an erroneous interpretation and allows an effective readback / hearback.
Pilots and controllers might use non-standard phraseology with good intentions; however standard phraseology minimizes the potential for misunderstanding.
Building Situational Awareness
Radio communications ( including party-line communications ) contribute to build the pilot’s and the controller’s situational awareness.
Flight crew and controller may prevent misunderstandings by providing each other with advance information.
Frequency Congestion
Frequency congestion significantly affects the correct flow of communications during approach and landing phases at high-density airports, this requires enhanced vigilance by pilots and by controllers.
Omission of Call Sign
Omitting the call sign or using an incorrect call sign jeopardizes an effective readback / hearback.
                                                                                       Getting to Grips with                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Lack of Readback (use of “Roger“ for acknowledgement) or Incomplete Readback
The term Roger often is misused, thus decreasing the pilot’s and the controller’s situational awareness:
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Pilot may use Roger to acknowledge a message containing numbers (instead of a formal readback), thus preventing effective hearback and correction by the controller; or,

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Controller may use Roger to acknowledge a message requiring a specific answer (e.g., a positive confirmation or correction, such as acknowledging a pilot’s statement that an altitude or speed restriction cannot be met).
　
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