Response to GPWS/TAWS – Pull-Up Maneuver Training
Page 3
Unexpected (E)GPWS / TAWS warning
This scenario should be included in the LOFT session that is normally programmed at the end of the transition course, and also during recurrent training LOFT sessions.
Objectives:
To maintain crew awareness of the CFIT hazard, and to confirm crew proficiency in responding to a (E)GPWS / TAWS warning.
Briefing:
None.
Initial conditions:
Establish either clean configuration or initial-approach configuration and the associated maneuvering speed, at maximum landing weight, in level flight or descending.
Procedure:
Clear the aircraft to descend to an altitude below the MSA or provide radar vectors towards high ground.
If flight crew take corrective action before any (E)GPWS / TAWS warning (as expected), an "electronic mountain" can be inserted at a later stage in the session at an appropriate time.
Verify the crew response to (E)GPWS / TAWS, and the crew coordination during the avoidance maneuver.
Debriefing:
Review the exercise, as appropriate.
Summary of key points
The following key points should be highlighted when discussing CFIT awareness and response to a (E)GPWS / TAWS warning:
.
Horizontal situational awareness and vertical situational awareness must be maintained at all times ( Figure 1 and Figure 2 );
.
Preventive actions must be (ideally) taken before (E)GPWS / TAWS warning;
.
Response by PF must be immediate ( Figure 2 );
.
PNF must monitor and call the radio altitude and its trend throughout the terrain avoidance maneuver;
.
Pull-up maneuver must be continued at maximum climb performance until warning has ceased and terrain is cleared, as indicated by a steadily increasing radio-altimeter reading ( Figure 2 ).
Associated Briefing Notes
The following Briefing Notes should be reviewed along with the above information to complete the CFIT awareness and training program:
.
1.1 - Operating Philosophy - SOPs,
.
1.2 - Optimum Use of Automation,
.
2.3 - Effective Crew/ATC Communications,
.
3.1 - Altimeter Setting – Use of Radio Altimeter,
.
3.2 - Altitude deviations,
.
5.2 - Terrain Awareness,
.
7.1 - Flying Stabilized Approaches,
.
7.2 - Flying Constant-angle Non-precision Approaches,
.
7.3 - Acquisition of Visual References,
.
7.4 - Flying Visual Approaches.
Response to GPWS/TAWS – Pull-Up Maneuver Training
Page 4
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
Flight Operations Support
Regulatory References
.
ICAO – Annex 6 – operation of Aircraft, Part I – International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplanes, Appendix 2, 5.23.
.
FAR 91.223 – Terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS).
.
FAR 121.354 - Terrain awareness and warning system (TAWS).
.
FAR 121.360 – Ground proximity warning system (GPWS) – Glide slope deviation alerting system.
Appendices - Figures
Figure 1
CFIT – An Encounter Avoided
Quito – Equador – March 92
Figure 2
CFIT – An Encounter Avoided
Quito – Equador – March 92 Crew response to RA Alert Light and GPWS Warning
Figure 3 Response to GPWS Warning
Conventional Aircraft Models
Figure 4 Response to GPWS Warning
Fly-by-wire Protected Aircraft Models
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(122)
