Response to GPWS/TAWS – Pull-Up Maneuver Training
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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
The recommended program consists of: . The capability should be provided to insert an
. A classroom briefing or a self-briefing session based on the contents of:
. the Airbus Industrie CFIT Education and Training Aid;
. the relevant Approach-and-Landing Briefing Notes and presentations;
. the description and operations of the applicable model of GPWS and EGPWS / TAWS ( FCOM and QRH ).
.
The Airbus Industrie CFIT video program, illustrating the terrain escape maneuver techniques applicable to conventional aircraft and protected aircraft, respectively.
.
Exercises to be incorporated in simulator training sessions during transition training and/or recurrent training.
Three typical exercises are described hereafter.
.
Additional briefing material to point out the risk of CFIT during step-down non-precision approaches and the advantages of using a constant-angle stabilized profile.
Briefing Note 7.2 – Flying Constant-Angle Non-Precision Approach provides expanded information on the benefits associated with constant-angle non-precision approaches.
Simulator Requirements for CFIT Prevention Training
. Terrain should be included in the database in the vicinity of the airports selected for training.
The terrain database should extend over an area of 25-30 NM radius centered on the airfield reference point.
This simulator visual system should be able to display the terrain features.
"electronic mountain" from the instructor panel at a selected point ahead of the aircraft's present position, on its projected flight path.
Nevertheless, inserting an electronic mountain at an airport that does not feature such terrain may result in the trainee dismissing the (E)GPWS / TAWS warning (assuming a spurious warning), thus resulting in negative training.
The slope and height of the mountain should be tailored to the particular aircraft performance capability at a representative weight
(e.g. maximum landing weight), so that maximum performance is required to avoid impact.
The slope of the mountain should therefore be adjustable up to at least 17 °, depending on the climb gradients that can be achieved in the escape maneuver.
. To prevent negative training, the simulator must realistically represent handling qualities and performance as the speed reduces to stick-shaker speed (or minimum speed, as applicable).
Simulator Exercises
All (E)GPWS / TAWS modes should be demonstrated.
The objective should be to gain an understanding of the parameters and limitations of the (E)GPWS / TAWS installed on the aircraft type.
These exercises can be performed in either a fixed-base simulator (FBS) or a full-flight simulator (FFS).
The following scenarios, to be performed in the FFS, are designed to introduce CFIT awareness and to demonstrate and practice the correct response to (E)GPWS / TAWS warnings.
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