Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(165)

.  
Confirm the extension of ground spoilers;

.  
Monitoring the operation of autobrake (on contaminated runway, the selected deceleration rate may not be achieved, therefore the light indicating that the selected deceleration rate is achieved may not illuminate);

.  
Lowering the nose landing gear without undue delay to:

.  increase the weight-on-wheels and, thus, increase the braking efficiency; and,
.  activate systems associated with nose landing gear switches (e.g., anti-skid reference speed);

.  
As required, or when taking over from autobrake, applying brakes normally with a steady pressure;

.  
Using rudder pedals and differential braking, as required, for directional control (i.e., not using the nose-wheel-steering tiller);

.  
If differential braking is necessary, applying pedal braking on the required side and releasing completely the pedal action on the opposite side; and,

.  
After reaching taxi speed, using nose-wheel-steering with care.

Associated Briefing Notes
The following Briefing Notes provide expanded information for a complete overview of factors involved when landing on a contaminated runway:
.  
7.1 - Flying Stabilized Approaches,

.  
8.3 - Factors Affecting Landing        Distances,

.  
8.4 - Optimum Use of Braking Devices,

.  
8.7 - Crosswind Landing.

Landing on Wet or Contaminated Runway
Page 6

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
    Flight Operations Support

Regulatory references
.  
ICAO – Preparation of an Operations Manual (Doc 9376),

.  
FAR 121.97 or 121.117 – Airports: Required Data,

.  
FAR 121 Subpart I – Airplane Performance Operating Limitations:

.  FAR 121.171 – Applicability,
.  FAR 121.195 – Airplanes: Turbine engine-powered: Landing limitations: Destination airports,
.  FAR 121.197 – Airplanes: Turbine engine-powered: Landing limitations: Alternate airports.

.  
FAA – AC 91-6A – Water, Slush and Snow on the Runway,

.  
JAR-OPS 1.515 – Landing – Dry Runways,

.  
JAR-OPS 1.520 – Landing – Wet and Contaminated Runways,

.  
UK CAA – AIC 11/98 – Landing Performance of Large Transport Aeroplanes,

.  
UK CAA – AIC 61/99 – Risks and factors Associated with Operations on Runways Affected by Snow, Slush or Water.

                                                                                       Getting to Grips with                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Landing on Wet or Contaminated Runway
Page 7

Introduction 
Several sources of wind information are available to the flight crew:
.  
ATC (i.e., METAR, ATIS and tower winds); and,

.  
Aircraft systems (i.e. IRS and FMS winds).

Each wind information must be understood for appropriate use during various flight phases.
　
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