Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(30)

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Optimum use of automation;

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Operations Golden Rules;

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Standards calls;

Standard Operating Procedures
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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

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Use of normal checklists;

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Approach and go-around briefings;

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Altimeter setting and cross-check procedures;

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Descent profile management;

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Energy management;

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Terrain awareness;

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Approach hazards awareness;

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Use of radio altimeter;

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Elements of a stabilized approach and approach gates;

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Approach procedures and techniques for various types of approaches;

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Landing and braking techniques for various types of runway and wind conditions; and,

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Readiness and commitment to go-around (e.g., GPWS warning, unstabilized approach, bounce recovery).

In addition, SOPs should address the following aspects:
Regulatory Definition
The U.S. FAA defines the scope and contents of SOPs in Advisory Circular (AC) 120-71.
The SOPs defined in AC 120-71 includes items related to:
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General operations policies (i.e., non-type related); and,

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Airplane operating matters (i.e., type-related)

The European JAA defines the scope and contents of SOPs in JAR-OPS 1.1045 and associated Appendix 1.
The scope of SOPs defined in the FAA AC 120-71 is allocated by the JAA to the Part A and Part B of the Operations Manual, as follows:
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Part A : General operational policies (i.e., non-type-related matters); and,

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Part B : Aeroplane operating matters (i.e., type-related matters).

General Principles
SOPs should contain safeguards in order to minimize the potential for inadvertent deviation from procedures, particularly when operating under abnormal or emergency conditions or following interruptions or distractions.
Safeguards include:
.  Triggers:
- events or actions initiating groups of actions (called action-blocks);

.  Action blocks:
- groups of actions being accomplished in sequence as a group;

.  Action patterns:
- flightdeck panel scanning sequences or patterns supporting the flow and sequence of action blocks; and,

.  Standard calls:
- standard phraseology and terms used for effective intra-crew communication.

Standardization
SOPs (including standard calls) constitute the reference for crew standardization and provide the working environment required for enhanced and efficient crew communication and coordination.
Standard Operating Procedures
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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Task Sharing
The following rules apply to any flight phase but are particularly important in the high-workload phases associated with approach and landing.
The pilot flying (PF) is responsible for controlling the vertical flight path and horizontal flight path and for energy management, by either:
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Supervising the autopilot vertical guidance and lateral guidance and the autothrust operation (i.e., awareness of modes being armed or engaged, and of mode changes through mode transitions and reversions);

or,

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Hand flying the aircraft, with or without flight director (FD) guidance, and with an adapted navigation display (e.g., ROSE or ARC mode).

The pilot not flying (PNF) is responsible for monitoring tasks and for performing the actions requested by the PF; this includes:

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Performing the standard PNF tasks:
　
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