.
A reduced lift-dumping or braking capability (e.g., because of a failure affecting ground spoilers, anti-skid or brakes).
Briefing Note 8.2 -The Final Approach Speed provides the rules used for the combination of landing speed corrections.
The following rules are used to combine the different types of landing distance factors:
.
If landing speed corrections are added (as described in Briefing Note 8.2), the corresponding landing distance factors are multiplied;
.
If only the higher speed correction is retained, then only the higher landing distance factor is considered; or,
.
When one or both of the two landing distance factors is (are) related to lift-dumping or braking, both landing-distance factors are multiplied.
Getting to Grips withApproach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
Summary of key points
When assessing the landing distance, the following factors should be accounted for and combined, as specified in the applicable FCOM / QRH:
.
Dispatch conditions, as applicable (dispatch under minimum equipment list [MEL] / dispatch deviation guide [DDG] );
.
In-flight failures, as applicable;
.
Weather conditions (e.g., icing conditions / ice accretion);
.
Wind conditions (i.e., wind component and gust, suspected wind shear);
.
Airfield elevation;
.
Runway slope (i.e., if down hill);
.
Runway condition (i.e., nature and depth of contaminant); and,
.
Use of braking devices (e.g., thrust reversers, autobrake).
Factors Affecting Landing Distance
Page 5
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
Landing Distance Summary
Figure 4 illustrates the landing distance factor for different runway conditions or operational factors.
Required Landing Distance ( wet runway )
1.92
Reference
( no reverse )
1000 ft elevation
10 kt tail wind
V Approach + 10 kt
100 ft at threshold
Long flare
No ground spoilers
Wet runway
Compacted snow
Water and slush
Icy runway
1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.0 3.0
3.5
Landing Distance Factor
Factors Affecting Landing Distance
Page 6
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
Flight Operations Support
Associated Briefing Notes
The following Briefing Notes provide expanded information on braking issues, on dry, wet or contaminated runway:
.
1.4 - Standard Calls,
.
6.4 - Bounce Recovery – Rejected Landing,
.
8.2 - The Final Approach Speed,
.
8.4 - Optimum Use of Braking Devices,
.
8.5 - Landing on Contaminated Runway.
Regulatory References
.
ICAO – Preparation of an Operations Manual (Doc 9376),
.
FAR 121.97 or 121.117 – Airports: Required Data,
.
FAR 121 Subpart I – Airplane Performance Operating Limitations:
- FAR 121.171 – Applicability,
-FAR 121.195 – Airplanes: Turbine engine-powered: Landing limitations: Destination airports,
-FAR 121.197 – Airplanes: Turbine engine-powered: Landing limitations: Alternate airports,
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