All conclusions and recommendations were data-driven and supported by factual evidence of their relevance to the reduction of approach-and-landing incidents and accidents.
Statistical Data
Approach-and-landing accidents (defined as accidents occurring during the initial approach, final approach and landing) represent approximately 55 % of total hull losses and 50 % of fatalities.
The flight segment from the outer marker to the completion of the landing roll represents only 4 % of the flight time but 45 % of hull losses.
These statistical data have not shown any down trend over the past 40 years.
Five types of events account for 75 % of approach-and-landing incidents and accidents:
.
CFIT (including landing short of runway);
.
Loss of control;
.
Runway overrun;
.
Runway excursion; and,
.
Unstabilized approaches.
Implementation
The conclusions and recommendations of the ALAR Task Force need to be translated into industry actions to ensure their effective implementation.
The Flight Safety Foundation is committed to a significant awareness campaign that will ensure availability of this information to everyone who participates in approach-and-landing operations, so that all can play a part in improving safety within their sphere of influence.
The cooperation and contribution of all players in the global aviation system are required to:
. Enhance partnership, cooperation and communication between:
. operators;
. air traffic control services;
. state operational authorities;
. state navigation agencies;
. services providers;
Flight Safety Foundation ALAR Task Force – Conclusions and Recommendations
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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
Flight Operations Support
. training organizations; and,
. manufacturers.
. Achieve a wide dissemination of the ALAR Education and Training Aid (ALAR Tool Kit), including:
. ALAR awareness video;
. Briefing Notes;
. Safety Alert Bulletins;
. Risk Awareness Tool (checklist);
. Risk Reduction Planning Guide; and,
. CFIT awareness presentation.
. Facilitate an easy and fast implementation of all conclusions and recommendations.
Operations and Training Overview
Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs):
Conclusions:
Establishing and adhering to adequate standard operating procedures (SOPs) improves approach and landing safety.
The omission of an action or an inappropriate action rank:
.
As a causal factor, along with other factors, in 45 % of fatal approach-and-landing events; and,
.
A factor, to some degree, in 70 % of all approach-and-landing accidents.
Recommendations:
.
State should mandate and operators should develop and implement SOPs for approach-and -landing operations;
.
Operators should develop SOPs that allow their practical application in normal operating environment;
The involvement of flight crews is essential in the development and evaluation of SOPs;
.
Operators should implement routine and critical evaluation of SOPs to determine the need for change;
Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
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