Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(140)

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During an automatic approach and landing, the flight path is fully monitored by the AP (autoland warning), and supervised by the PNF (excessive deviation callouts).
The PF can concentrate his/her attention on the acquisition of visual references; progressively increasing his/her external scanning as the DH is approached.
When an approach is conducted close to the minimums, the time available for making the transition from instrument references to visual references is extremely short; the PF must therefore dedicate his/her primary attention to the acquisition of visual references.
The PNF must maintain instrument references throughout the approach and landing (or go-around) to:
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Monitor the flight path and the instruments; and,

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Be ready to call any flight-parameter excessive-deviation or warning.

Acquisition of Visual References
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AIRBUS INDUSTRIE
    Flight Operations Support

Shared Approach / Monitored Approach / Delegated Handling Approach
Description :
The Shared approach or Monitored approach or Delegated handling approach provides an alternative definition of the PF and PNF functions, based on a CAPT-F/O task sharing.
This task sharing can be summarized as follows:
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Regardless of who was the PF for the sector, the F/O is always the PF for the approach;

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The CAPT is PNF and monitors the approach and the acquisition of the visual references;

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When reaching the DA(H) or before, depending on the operator’s policy for CAT II / CAT III:

. The F/O – PF calls Minimum;
.  If visual references are acquired, the CAPT calls Landing, takes over the controls (i.e., flight controls and throttle levers) and conduct the landing;
.  If visual references are not acquired, the CAPT calls Go-around and the F/O initiates the go-around and flies the missed-approach.

Whatever the decision, Landing or Go-around, the F/O maintains instrument references for the complete approach and landing (or go-around and missed-approach).
Depending on the F/O experience, the above roles can be reversed.
This task sharing eliminates the transition from instrument flying to visual flying (and, in case of a go-around, from semi-visual references back to instrument flying) but involves a changeover of controls at a late stage in the approach.
Depending on the airline’s operating philosophy, this concept is applicable to:
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CAT II / CAT III approaches only (for all other approaches the PF is also the pilot-landing); or,

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All types of approaches (except automatic landings where the Captain resumes control earlier, typically from 1000 ft RA to 200 ft RA).

                                                                                       Getting to Grips with                                            Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Implementation
The implementation of the Shared approach / Monitored approach / Delegated handling approach
concept requires the development of specific SOPs and standard calls.
The sequence of planned or conditional actions and callouts should be thoroughly and accurately briefed during the approach briefing.
　
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