.
Applicable stabilization height (approach gate);
.
Final approach flight path angle (and vertical speed); and,
.
Go-around altitude and missed-approach initial steps.
Associated Briefing Notes
The following Briefing Notes should be reviewed in association with the above information for a complete overview of the descent and approach preparation:
.
1.1 – Operating Philosophy - SOPs,
.
2.3 - Effective Crew/ATC Communications,
.
2.1 - Human Factors in Approach-and-Landing Accidents,
.
2.2 - CRM Issues in Approach-and-landing Accidents,
.
6.1 - Being Prepared to Go-around,
.
7.1 - Flying Stabilized Approaches.
Regulatory References
.
ICAO – Annex 6 – Operation of Aircraft, Part I – International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplanes, Appendix 2, 5.16.
.
ICAO – Procedures for Air navigation Services – Aircraft operations (PANS -OPS, Doc 8168), Volume I – Flight Procedures (Post Amendment No 11, applicable Nov.1/2001).
.
ICAO – Preparation of an Operations manual (Doc 9376).
.
FAR 121.315 – Cockpit Check Procedure, for normal and non-normal conditions.
.
JAR-OPS 1.1045 and associated Appendix 1, B
2.1 (g).
Approach and Go-around Briefing(s)
Page 5
AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
Flight Operations Support Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
Introduction
This Briefing Note provides a summary of human factors issues identified in approach-and-landing accidents.
This summary may be used either to assess:
.
Company exposure and develop corresponding prevention strategies; or,
.
Individual exposure and develop corresponding personal lines-of-defense.
Statistical Data
Ultimately, human factors are involved in all incidents and accidents.
Whether crew-related, ATC-related, maintenance-related, organization-related or design-related each link of the error chain involves human beings and, therefore, human decisions and behaviors.
Human Factors Issues in ...
Standard operating procedures (SOPs):
To ensure effective compliance with published SOPs (and associated normal checklists and standards calls), it is important to understand why pilots intentionally or inadvertently deviate from rules or standards.
Pilots rarely deviate intentionally from SOPs, in most cases the procedure that was followed in place of the published procedure seemed to be appropriate for the prevailing circumstances, considering the information available at the time.
The following factors and conditions often are cited in discussing deviations from SOPs:
.
Task saturation (i.e., absence of multi-tasking ability or task overload);
.
Inadequate knowledge of or failure to understand the rule, procedure or action; this includes:
. training;
. quality of wording or phrasing; and/or,
. perception of rule or procedure or action as inappropriate;
.
Insufficient emphasis on strict adherence to SOPs during transition training and recurrent training;
.
Lack of vigilance (e.g., fatigue);
.
Distractions (e.g., due to cockpit activities);
.
Interruptions (e.g., due to pilot/controller communications);
.
Incorrect management of priorities (i.e., absence of decision-making model for time-critical situations);
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(52)
