Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(116)

.  
1.1 – Operating Philosophy - SOPs,

.  
1.3 - Operations Golden Rules,

.  
1.4 - Standard Calls,

.  
1.6 - Approach and Go-around Briefings,

.  
4.1 - Descent and Approach Profile Management,

.  
4.2 - Energy Management during Approach,

.  
7.1 - Flying Stabilized Approaches,

.  
7.3 - Acquisition of Visual References.

Regulatory references
.  
ICAO – Annex 6 – Operation of Aircraft, Part I – International Commercial Air Transport – Aeroplanes, Appendix 2. 5.16, 5.18, 5.19.

.  
ICAO – Procedures for Air navigation Services – Aircraft Operations (PANS-OPS), Doc 8168), Volume I – Flight Procedures.

.  
ICAO – Manual of All-Weather Operations (Doc 9365).

Getting to Grips withApproach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction
.  
FAR 91.175 – Takeoff and landing under IFR – requirement for immediate go-around in case of loss of visual references when below MDA(H) or DA(H) during a non-precision or CAT I ILS approach.

.  
FAR 91.189 – Category II and III operations: General operating rules – requirement for immediate go-around in case of loss of visual references when below DA(H) during a CAT II or CAT III ILS approach.

.  
FAA AC 60-A – Pilot’s Spatial Disorientation.

Being Prepared to Go Around
Page 4

AIRBUS INDUSTRIE Getting to Grips with
 Flight Operations Support       Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reduction

Introduction
Because a go-around is not a frequent occurrence, the importance of being go-around-prepared and go-around-minded must be emphasized.
To be go-around-prepared and go-around-minded the flight crew should:
.  
Have a clear mental image of applicable briefings, sequences of actions, task sharing, standard calls and excessive -deviation callouts;

.  
Be ready to abandon the approach if:

.. Ceiling and/or visibility (RVR) are below the required minimums;
.. Criteria for a stabilized approach are not achieved;
.. Doubt exists about the aircraft position; and/or,
.. Confusion exists about the use of automation.

See also Briefing Note 6.1 -Being Prepared for Go-around.
If the conditions for a safe approach and landing are not met, the flight crew should be go-around-committed; initiate a go-around and fly the missed-approach procedure as published (i.e., following the published vertical profile and lateral navigation or as directed by ATC).
This Briefing Note provides an overview of the flying techniques and procedures recommended for the safe conduct of a manual go-around.
Recommendations
PF / PNF Task Sharing:
Strict adherence to task-sharing principles is particularly important in the very dynamic phase associated with initiating a go-around.
The PF is responsible for controlling the vertical flight path and lateral flight path and for energy management, by either:
.  
Supervising the autopilot vertical guidance and lateral guidance and the autothrottle/autothrust operation (i.e., awareness of the modes being armed or engaged and of mode changes, and awareness of selected targets);

or,

.  
Flying manually, with FD guidance.

If manual thrust is selected, the PNF should monitor the speed, speed trend and thrust closely, and call any parameter excessive-deviation.

The PNF is responsible for monitoring tasks and for performing the actions requested by the PF, this includes:
.  
Monitoring vertical speed and radio altitude;

.  
Monitoring pitch attitude, bank angle, speed and speed trend, and calling any parameter excessive-deviation;
　
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：Getting to Grips with Approach-and-Landing Accidents Reducti(116)