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• wind direction and speed, QNH and, if required, temperature and/or dew point
• known significant weather information, including low cloud and visibility or runway
visual range
• a time check (to the nearest half minute) whenever a time to commence final is
specified the ATC
• the crosswind component on the runway to be used, if this equals or exceeds 8KT
for single-engined aircraft or 12 KT for multi-engined aircraft
OPTION 1 : HOLD
OPTION 2 : DESCEND BELOW STEPS AND
AGAIN ASK FOR CLEARANCE
OPTION 4 : PROCEED TO AN ALTERNATE
OPTION 3 : FLY AROUND CONTROLLED
AIRSPACE OUTSIDE THE BOUNDARIES
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Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
HOLDING
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
• the downwind component if a pilot operates downwind
• aerodrome surface conditions significant to the operation
• birds and other hazards to aircraft
• cautionary advice of wake turbulence
SELECTION OF LANDING DIRECTION
The pilot in command must ensure that the nominated runway or direction is
operationally suitable. If the nominated runway or direction is not suitable, ATC must
be advised using the phrase “REQUIRE RUNWAY(number)”. Such a request will not
result in of loss of priority provided that it is made:
• before reaching 80NM (120NM for jets) from a capital city aerodrome (including
Essendon) or 30NM from other controlled aerodromes, for arriving aircraft wholly
within controlled airspace; or
• on first contact with ATC for arriving aircraft entering controlled airspace within the
distance specified above or a control area step or a control zone.
The decision to land rests solely with the pilot in command.
SELECTION OF CIRCUIT DIRECTION
A pilot in command must notify ATC if a particular turn or circuit is essential to the
safe operation of the aircraft. The word REQUIRE must be used to enable ATC to
identify the safety requirement.
LANDING CLEARANCES
Pilot in command must not land unless the specific clearance “CLEARED TO LAND”
has been received.
When operations at an aerodrome are not restricted to runways, the clearance
authorises the proposed operation. The pilot in command should watch for other
traffic and ensure that there is no collision risk.
SEPARATION MINIMA FOR LANDING
The appropriate wake turbulence separation standard will always be applied by the
ATC between landing aircraft.
A landing aircraft will not be permitted to cross the threshold of the runway on its
final approach until;
A. a preceding departing aircraft using the same runway
1. is airborne, and
- has commenced a turn; or
- is beyond the point on the runway at which the landing aircraft could be
expected to complete its landing roll and there is sufficient distance to
manoeuvre safely in the event of missed approach; or
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Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
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3
LANDING
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
2. is at least 1,000M from the runway threshold, and
- has commenced the take-off run; and
- in the opinion of the controller, no collision risk exists, and
- the aircraft taking off has a MTOW of 7,000KG or less; and
- the landing aircraft is performance Category A and has a MTOW below
3,000KG.
B. a preceding landing aircraft using the same runway:
1. has vacated it and is taxiing away from the runway; or
2. will vacate the runway without backtracking, and
- in the opinion of the tower controller, no collision risk exists; and
- the preceding landing aircraft has a MTOW of 7,000KG or less; and
- the following landing aircraft is performance Category A and has a MTOW
below 3,000KG; or
3. in the case where the following landing aircraft is a helicopter, the preceding
landing aircraft is at least 300M down the runway from the threshold and ATC is
satisfied that no collision risk exists. This standard is not applicable at GAAP
aerodromes;
C. a preceding aircraft, using a different runway, has crossed or stopped short of the
landing aircraft’s runway.
In the above situations, a landing clearance may be issued if ATC expects that the
required runway separation standard will exist.
Other than as specified in AIP ENR 1.1 61 (LAHSO), exceptions to separation minima
are:
A. aircraft landing in formation with respect to each other;
B. aircraft operating in different areas or lanes on aerodromes with runways or
facilities suitable for simultaneous landings
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Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
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VFR Flight Guide(89)
