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Signals;
D. the distant signal, consisting of a square flag having, either above or below, a ball
or anything resembling a ball;
E. a parachute flare showing a red light;
F. a gun or other explosive signal fired at intervals of approximately one minute.
328
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DISTRESS BEACONS
09/2001
4
SIGNALS
SECTION
URGENCY SIGNALS
• The following signals, used either together or separately, shall be used by an aircraft
for the purpose of giving notice of difficulties which compel it to land without
requiring immediate assistance:
A. the repeated switching on and off of the landing lights;
B. the repeated switching on and off of the navigation lights, in such a manner as to
be distinctive from the flashing lights described below;
C. a succession of white pyrotechnical lights.
• The following signals, used either together or separately, shall be used by an aircraft
for the purpose of giving notice that the aircraft has a very urgent message to
transmit concerning the safety of a ship, aircraft or vehicle, or of some person on
board or within sight:
A. in radiotelegraphy, 3 repetitions of the group XXX (– .. – – .. – – ..–), sent with the
letters of each group, and the successive groups clearly separated from each other,
and sent before the transmission of the message;
B. in radiotelephony, 3 repetitions of the words PAN, PAN, sent before the transmission
of the message;
C. a succession of green pyrotechnical lights;
D. a succession of green flashes with signal apparatus.
SAFETY SIGNALS
• The safety signal shall be transmitted when an aircraft wishes to transmit a message
concerning the safety of navigation or to give important meteorological warnings.
• The safety signal shall be sent before the call and:
A. in the case of radiotelegraphy shall consist of 3 repetitions of the group TTT
(– – –), sent with the letters of each group and the successive groups clearly
separated from each other; and
B. in the case of radiotelephony shall consist of the word “SECURITY”, repeated 3
times.
329
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DISTRESS BEACONS
09/2001
4
SIGNALS
SECTION
HIGH KEY
2500ft AGL
3000ft
AGL
ENGINE FAILURE POINT
4500ft AGL
2000ft
AGL
LOW KEY
1500 ft AGL
1000ft AGL
IF TOO LOW
IF TOO HIGH
330
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES FORCED LANDINGS
09/2001
4
INITIAL ACTION
SECTION
INITIAL CHECK
Hold Altitude Aim for best
glide speed
Mixture Rich
Carburettor heat Full hot
Fuel On Pump On Change tanks
Trim To best glide speed
FIELD SELECTION
Wind - Determine direction
Surroundings - Power lines, trees
Size & Shape - In relation to wind
Surface & Slope
S(c)ivilisation - Close proximity if
possible
FMOST CHECK
Fuel Contents, pump on,
primer locked
Mixture Up & down range,
leave rich
Oil Temps & pressures
green range
Mags switch Left then right back
to both
Throttle Up & down range,
then close
MAYDAY CALL & SQUAWK 7700
"Mayday Mayday Mayday
Sydney ZFR a Piper
Engine Failure
3nm west of Picton 4500 feet
attempting to land on road"
Any other useful information such as
number of passengers etc.
BRIEF YOUR PASSENGERS
FINAL ACTIONS
Fuel Off
Mixture Close
Mags Off
Harness Tight
Door As required
Master switch Off
Caution If flaps are
electrically
operated
STAY WITH YOUR AIRCRAFT
It is much easier for air search observers to spot an aircraft than a walking survivor,
and this applies whether your aircraft is still in one piece or not.
However, there are two exceptions to this rule:
• If your aircraft is completely hidden from air observation by trees or undergrowth,
etc try to find a clearing where you can set up signals for search aircraft.
• If you are absolutely certain that a town, settlement, road or homestead is within
reasonable distance, you could walk out – but if you do, leave notes for a land
search party telling them what you are doing and leave a trail which they can follow.
See signal codes, page 334.
WATER
Salvage your water supply, conserve it as much as possible and augment it if you can,
by rain, dew, river water or any other means. For example, dig down in the middle of
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