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(NGT VFR) rating and the aircraft is appropriately equipped for flight at night,
a VFR flight must not depart from an aerodrome:
• before first light or after last light ( see page 107); and
• unless the ETA for the destination (or alternate) is at least 10 minutes before last light
after allowing for any required holding.
If the pilot in command only holds a NGT VFR agricultural rating, a NGT VFR flight
must not be conducted in controlled airspace. NGT VFR flight is restricted to CHTR,
AWK and PVT operations in aeroplanes not exceeding 5,700KG maximum take-off
weight, helicopters, airships and balloons. Passenger carrying CHTR flights in singleengine
aircraft are not permitted to operate under VFR at night.
SPECIAL VFR
By day, when VMC does not exist, the ATC unit responsible for a CTR may issue,
at pilot request, a Special VFR clearance for flight in the CTR, or in a CTA next to the
CTR for the purpose of entering or leaving the CTR, provided:
• the Special VFR flight will not unduly delay an IFR flight;
• the flight can be conducted clear of cloud;
• the visibility is not less than 800M for helicopters or 3,000M for aeroplanes;
or for balloons, not less than 100M below 500FT AGL and 3,000M at and above
500FT AGL.
• a helicopter will be operated at such a speed that the pilot has adequate opportunity
to observe any obstructions or other traffic in sufficient time to avoid collisions; and
• the flight can be conducted in accordance with the requirements of CAR 157 with
regard to low flying. ( see page 25 )
• Special VFR is not permitted in a Class E airspace.
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
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VISUAL FLIGHT RULES
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GENERAL INFORMATION
187
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
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VMC
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TAKE-OFF, EN-ROUTE AND LANDING
188
VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (VMC) –
TAKE-OFF, EN ROUTE, AND LANDING
Controlled Airspace – Class C
Type of Aircraft Height Minimum Minimum Distance Additional
Flight from Cloud Conditions
Visibility Horizontal/Vertical
Aeroplanes At or Above 8,000 M 1,500M Horizontal
Helicopters 10,000FT 1,000FT Vertical
and Balloons AMSL
Below 5,000M ATC may
10,000FT permit
AMSL operations in
weather
conditions
that do not
meet this
criteria
(Special VFR)
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE CLASS C
10 000FT (AMSL)
Visibility 5000M
Visibility 8000M
1500
metres
1500
metres
1000FT
1000FT
1000FT
1000FT
Controlled Airspace – Class D
Type of Aircraft Height Minimum Minimum Distance Additional
Flight from Cloud Conditions
Visibility Horizontal/Vertical
Aeroplanes Within 5,000M 1,500M horizontal ATC may
Helicopters Class D 1,000FT vertical permit
and Balloons CTR and CTA operations in
weather
conditions
that
do not meet
these criteria
(Special VFR)
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE CLASS D
1500
metres
Visibility 5000M
Visibility 5000M
1500
metres
1000FT
1000FT
1000FT
1000FT
189
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
VMC
SECTION
TAKE-OFF, EN-ROUTE AND LANDING
Controlled Airspace – Class E
Type of Aircraft Height Minimum Minimum Distance Additional
Flight from Cloud Conditions
Visibility Horizontal/Vertical
Aeroplanes At or above 8,000M 1,500M horizontal
Helicopters 10,000FT 1,000FT vertical
and Balloons AMSL
Aeroplanes Below 5,000M
Helicopters 10,000FT
and Balloons AMSL
10 000FT (AMSL)
8 500FT (AMSL)
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE CLASS E
Visibility 5000M
Visibility 8000M
1500
metres
1500
metres
1000FT
1000FT
1000FT
1000FT
12 500FT (AMSL)
190
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
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09/2001
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VMC
SECTION
TAKE-OFF, EN-ROUTE AND LANDING
GAAP Control Zones
Type of Aircraft Height Minimum Minimum Distance Additional
Flight from Cloud Conditions
Visibility Horizontal/Vertical
Aeroplanes Within 5,000M Clear of Cloud ATC may
Helicopters GAAP permit
and Balloons CTR operations in
weather
conditions
that do not
meet this
criteria
(Special VFR)
Visibility 5000M
GAAP CONTROL ZONES
191
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
VMC
SECTION
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VFR Flight Guide(67)
