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before the fuelling operation is commenced.
Note 1: This precaution is particularly important when handling fuel from drum stocks.
Note 2: Attention is drawn to the necessity of using a positive method, such as
suitable water-detecting paste or paper, in testing for the presence of free
water since sensory perceptions of colour and smell, if used alone, can be
quite misleading.
Note 3: In the case of turbine fuels, attention is also drawn to the necessity of
watching for signs of cloudiness or other indication of the presence of
suspended water droplets which will not necessarily be detected by the means
mentioned in Note 2.
14
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
REFUELLING
SECTION
PILOT RESPONSIBILITIES
All fuel shall be strained or filtered for the removal of free or suspended water and
other contaminating matter before entering the aircraft tanks.
Note: Attention is drawn to the special standards of filtration which may be specified
by the manufacturers of certain types of engines. eg. turbine engines and directinjection
piston engines.
LOCATION OF AIRCRAFT
During fuelling operations, the aircraft and ground fuelling equipment shall be
so located that no fuel tank filling points or vent outlets lie:
• within 5 metres (17 ft) of any sealed building;
• within 6 metres (20 ft) of other stationary aircraft;
• within 15 metres (50 ft) of any exposed public area;
• within 15 metres (50 ft) of any unsealed building in the case of aircraft with
a maximum take-off weight in excess of 5700 kg (12,566 lb) and
• within 9 metres (30 ft) of any unsealed building in the case of aircraft with
a maximum take-off weight not exceeding 5700 kg (12,566 lb).
Notwithstanding the contents of the above paragraph limited fuelling operations for
maintenance purposes may be carried out in certain hangars under the following
conditions:
• Refuelling or defuelling of gasoline or wide-cut gasoline type turbine fuel is not
permitted.
• Overwing fuelling is not permitted.
• These operations shall not be permitted in hangars occupied by two or more
tenants.
• The operator shall obtain approval from CASA for the detailed procedures under
which these operations may be performed. These procedures shall be described
in the maintenance manual and shall include:
the circumstances under which refuelling or defuelling in hangars or maintenance
area is permitted, and the maximum volume of fuel involved.
For the purpose of this Order, a sealed building is one which all the external part
within 15 metres (50 ft) of an aircraft’s fuel tank filling points or vent outlets or ground
fuelling equipment is of non-flammable materials and has no openings or all openings
are closed.
Where the fuelling equipment is not mobile, the aircraft shall be so placed that it can
be rapidly moved to a place of safety, and a means of ensuring that this can be done
shall be readily available.
15
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
GENERAL
09/2001
1
REFUELLING
SECTION
PILOT RESPONSIBILITIES
Note: The following operations are not deemed to constitute fuelling operations:
• the drainage of a small quantity of fuel from a fuel system drain point;
• the transfer of fuel from tank to tank within an aircraft making use exclusively
of lines and equipment permanently installed in the aircraft.
PASSENGERS ONBOARD DURING REFUELLING
The operator of an aircraft with a maximum seating capacity of 20 or more must
ensure that fuel that is:
• avgas; or
• an aviation turbine grade which does not contain an anti-static additive;
is not loaded on to the aircraft while passengers are on board, or entering or leaving,
the aircraft.
The operator of an aircraft with a maximum seating capacity of less than 20 may allow
fuel that is not:
• avgas; or
• an aviation turbine grade which does not contain an anti-static additive;
to be loaded on to the aircraft while a passenger is on board if:
• the passenger’s medical condition is such that he or she cannot leave the aircraft
without assistance.
If:
• fuel is being loaded onto an aircraft in accordance with the paragraphs above; and
• either:
• fuel vapour is found inside the aircraft; or
• for any other reason it is not safe to continue loading the fuel;the aircraft’s
operator must ensure that the loading of the fuel stops immediately.
AIRCRAFT SAFETY PRECAUTIONS DURING FUELLING OPERATIONS
All engines in the aircraft, including any auxiliary power units, shall be stopped with
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