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actually required.
• Most PLBs have a self-test function that should be used rather than testing the
beacon on the operational frequency.
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• If operational testing of ELTs is required, the beacon SHOULD NOT be operated for
more than five seconds with the preferred procedure being that the test is conducted
within the first five minutes of the hour. Longer tests are required to be conducted in
a screened radio test cage. BEFORE operational tests for any period are conducted,
operators must contact AusSAR (1800 815 257) to gain approval.
• ALWAYS notify the air traffic service provider or AusSAR if a beacon has been
activated inadvertently. Early advice will assist in the continued efficiency of the SAR
system.
• While performing maintenance on an aircraft, have a VHF radio tuned to 121.5 MHz
to detect any inadvertent activation.
• Monitor 121.5 MHz on start-up and shut-down. A knock while parked or a heavy
landing may activate some impact operated beacons.
• Keep PLBs in a handy position and brief passengers on their location and use in the
case of emergency.
An Emergency Locator Transmitter, or any variant, is a useful search aid should you be
forced down and require assistance. However, to obtain maximum benefit from your
beacon and to assist the search aircraft, it is necessary to observe a few guidelines for
activating your ELT.
If you are in the WATER, and your beacon is buoyant, the beacon should be
activated IN THE WATER and allowed to float to the end of the lanyard.
DO NOT attach lanyard to aircraft, but rather to person or liferaft.
Adjust the bridle so that the aerial is substantially vertical.
In situations where you are forced to use a non-buoyant ELT in a water
survival situation, ensure that the beacon is kept dry. The beacon will operate
successfully from inside a plastic bag, and should be located as close to the
water as possible. If you raise the beacon high above the
water, the beacon’s effectiveness will be reduced.
For operations over LAND you will get the best
performance from a beacon operating from its
permanent installation in the aircraft or from
operating it on the ground on an EARTH MAT.
An EARTH MAT can be a SPACE BLANKET or
similar material with a reflective surface. A
simple inexpensive earth mat can be made by
joining household ALUMINIUM FOIL to make a
120cm square. It is suggested that, if you
carry an ELT, you make a foil earth mat, fold it
and tape it to you ELT. To use the earth mat,
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unfold it and place it flat on the ground, holding the edges down with rocks or earth.
Switch on your beacon and place in the centre of the earth mat, alternatively place ELT
on wing of aircraft.
IN MANY CASES, USING AN EARTH MAT WILL INCREASE THE
EFFECTIVE RANGE OF YOUR EMERGENCY LOCATOR TRANSMITTER
TRANSMISSION OF SIGNALS
• The pilot in command of an aircraft shall transmit or display the signals specified in
this Division according to the degree of emergency being experienced.
• The signals specified in relation to each successive degree of emergency may be sent
either separately or together for any one degree of emergency.
DISTRESS SIGNALS
• The distress signal shall be transmitted only when the aircraft is threatened with
grave and immediate danger and requires immediate assistance.
• In radio telegraphy, the distress signal shall take the form of SOS (... – – – ...), sent 3
times, followed by the group DE, sent once, and the call sign of the aircraft, sent 3
times.
• The signal specified in the above may be followed by the automatic alarm signal
which consists of a series of 12 dashes, sent in one minute, the duration of each
dash being 4 seconds, and the duration of the interval between consecutive dashes
being one second.
• In radiotelephony, the distress signal shall take the form of the word “MAYDAY”,
pronounced 3 times, followed by the words “THIS IS”, followed by the call sign of
the aircraft 3 times.
• By other means the distress signal shall take one or more of the following forms:
A. the Morse signal ... – – – ... with visual apparatus or with sound apparatus;
B. a succession of pyrotechnical lights, fired at short intervals, each showing a single
red light;
C. the two-flag signal corresponding to the letters NC of the International Code of
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