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WEATHER CODE AND TRANSLATION
CODE TRANSLATION
BC Patches (or Patches of)
BL Blowing
DR Drifting
FZ Freezing
MI Shallow
SH Showers (or showers of)
TS Thunderstorms (or Thunderstorms with)
BR Mist
DU Dust
DS Dust storm
DZ Drizzle
FC Funnel Clouds
FG Fog
FU Smoke
GR Hail
GS Small hail pellets
HZ Haze
IC Ice Crystals (very small ice crystals in suspension, also known as
diamond dust)
PL Ice Pellets
PO Dust Devils
RA Rain
SA Sand
SG Snow Grains
SN Snow
SQ Squalls
SS Sand Storm
VA Volcanic Ash
Note 1: There is an option for intensity to be described when used with the
abbreviations DZ, RA, SN, SH or TS. In these cases, the weather group is
prefixed by (-) for light, or (+) for heavy. Moderate intensity has no prefix.
Note 2: METAR/SPECI may provide an indication of weather in the vicinity. If this is
included, one or more of the weather groups above may be used, preceded by
the abbreviation “VC”
134
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING METEOROLOGY
09/2001
2
AVIATION FORECASTS
SECTION
TEMPO AND INTER
TEMPO and INTER are used to indicate significant variations of a temporary or
intermittent nature in aerodrome and landing forecasts:
TEMPO is used to indicate changes to conditions which are expected to last for less
than 60 minutes but more than 30 minutes in each instance and where the aggregate
of the changes is expected to be less than half the total period indicated
INTER is used to indicate changes expected to occur frequently and more or less
continuously throughout for periods of less than 30 minutes in each instance and
where the aggregate of the changes is expected to be less than half the total period
indicated.
FM is used in forecasts to indicate changes which are significantly different to
preceding information in one or more of the elements, wind direction and/or speed,
visibility, weather or cloud. The changes relate to improvements as well as
deteriorations. The forecast conditions commencing with the code “FM” will continue
until the end of the TAF validity period, or until replaced by another significant change.
CLOUD HEIGHT DATUM
In aerodrome and trend forecasts, cloud heights are given above aerodrome elevations.
In other forecasts, heights are expressed:
• as a flight level; or • with reference to mean sea level
FORECAST AMENDMENTS
Amendments to forecasts are issued as necessary when changes are expected during
the period of validity of a given forecast.
FM
TAF
START
TAF
FINISH
TAF
START
INTER START
TAF
FINISH
30
MINS
30
MINS
TEMPO START
60
MINS
60
MINS TAF
START
TAF
FINISH
135
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
PRE-FLIGHT PLANNING METEOROLOGY
09/2001
2
AVIATION FORECASTS
SECTION
TAF - AERODROME FORECAST
AERODROME WEATHER AND FORECAST DECODE COMPOSITION
IDENTIFIER
The identifier METAR is used to identify all aerodrome weather reports made routinely
either on the hour or half hour UTC which do not meet SPECI criteria. SPECI is used to
identify all other observations and is also used to identify observations recorded 10
minutes following an improvement above SPECI conditions.
The identifier TTF METAR or TTF SPECI is used to identify METAR and SPECI to which a
three hour trend is appended. The use of this identifier is restricted to those locations
for which Trend-Type Forecasts are issued.
The identifier TAF or TAF AMD is used to identify an aerodrome forecast or an
amended aerodrome forecast. If the forecast is provisional, the abbreviation PROV
becomes the first element of the identifier.
LOCATION
The location is indicated by either the ICAO location indicator, the place name, or the
approved abbreviation.
VARIATION FROM MEAN CONDITIONS
PROBABILITY OF POOR VISIBILITY
THESE GROUPS ARE ADDED AS REQUIRED
IF GROUPS ARE USED, THE PART IN DOTTED
LINED MAY OR MAY NOT BE INCLUDED
TAF or
TAF AMD
ORIGINATION
TIME
COMMENCE
TIME
CESSATION
TIME
COMMENCE
TIME
CESSATION
TIME
INTER
OR
TEMPO
PROB %
PLACE VALIDITY WIND
CAVOK
VIS WX
FM TIME
PROB %
WIND
WIND
CLOUD
VIS WX CLOUD
CAVOK
VIS
VIS FOG, MIST OR DUST
FORECAST OF TURBULENCE
FM MOD OR SEV TURB BLW...FT
WX CLOUD
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VFR Flight Guide(125)
