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to affect the safety of other aircraft, pilots in command of flights, in areas where
ground meteorological reports are scanty, are encouraged to report observations of
MET conditions which they consider will assist in the provision of meteorological
services.
SIGMET
SIGMET information concerns the occurrence or expected occurrence, in an area over
which meteorological watch is being maintained, of one or more of the following:
• below FL450
- active thunderstorm area
- tropical revolving storm
- severe line squall
- heavy hail
- severe turbulence
- severe icing
- marked mountain waves
- widespread sandstorms or duststorms
- volcanic ash cloud
• above FL450
- moderate or severe turbulence
- cumulonimbus clouds
- hail
Note: Messages containing SIGMET information for aircraft in transonic and supersonic
flight are identified as SIGMET SST
Pilots in command of aircraft encountering any of the above phenomena, not notified
by SIGMET advices, must report details of the phenomena in an AIREP SPECIAL.
SIGMET information is issued by MET forecasters and addressed by ATS as a Hazard
Alert to aircraft operating on routes or in areas likely to be affected. This information
will normally relate the phenomena reported to designated reporting points, and
where possible, will indicate the area in which the phenomena exist.
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METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS
SECTION
AIRMET
AIRMET information concerns the occurrence or expected occurrence affecting the
levels below FL120 in an area over which meteorological watch is being maintained, of
one or more of the following phenomena:
• hail
• moderate icing
• moderate turbulence, when this is expected to occur in an area, or at a time, where
or when it is not a normal seasonal feature
• the initial onset of phenomena producing extensive areas of visibility of less than
8KM, or of cloud coverage of more than 4/8ths below 1,500FT above ground level
• winds of 40Kt or more within 2,000FT above ground level
and also includes phenomena covered by SIGMET advices.
Note: When SIGMET phenomena only are concerned, a separate AIRMET advice is not
issued
AIRMET information, which concerns phenomena of a lesser degree of severity than
SIGMET information, is given to aircraft operating at or below 10,000FT.
AIRMET Information is issued by MET forecasters and addressed by ATS as a Hazard
Alert to aircraft operating on routes or in areas likely to be affected. It will indicate the
locality or area in which the phenomena exist or are expected to exist.
AIRMET information will not be issued on phenomena which are included in a current
area forecast. Pilots in command who encounter any of the above phenomena, which
have not been notified by a forecast or an AIRMET advice, should report the details by
SHORT AIREP.
Note: AIRMET information is additional to SIGMET information which is issued to all
aircraft types.
HAZARDOUS WEATHER
RESPONSIBILITY
Cooperative and concerted action is required by pilots, meteorologists and ATS to
ensure the most accurate information is promulgated to assist pilots in the avoidance
of hazardous weather, particularly those phenomena associated with thunderstorms -
icing, hail and turbulence.
Meteorologists are responsible for the observation of weather phenomena and
forecasting their occurrence, development and movement, in terms applicable to
aircraft operations. These forecasts need to be produced in sufficient time for avoiding
action to be taken.
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METEOROLOGICAL ADVICES
SECTION
ATS is responsible for distributing reports of hazardous meteorological conditions to
pilots as a part of the Hazard Alert service. ATS also makes visual and limited radar
weather observations for the information of meteorologists and pilots and is
responsible for relaying pilot weather reports to the BoM. At some locations, ATS is
provided with METRAD or RAPIC which may supplement weather advice by the ATS.
Details are given in AIP GEN 3.3 Section 2.12
Whilst manoeuvring in hazardous weather situations, pilots are responsible for the
safety of their own aircraft using advices and clearances passed by ATS and
information obtained from their own visual or airborne radar observations.
They are also responsible for passing visual and airborne radar observations of
hazardous weather to ATS.
PILOT ACTION
Outside controlled airspace all hazardous weather avoidance action is the sole
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