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B. the flight can be conducted clear of cloud;
C. the visibility is not less than 800M for helicopters or 3,000M for aeroplanes; or for
balloons, not less than 100M below 500FT AGL and 3,000M at and above 500FT
AGL.
D. A helicopter will be operated at such a speed that the pilot has adequate
opportunity to observe any obstructions or other traffic in sufficient time to avoid
collisions; and
E. the flight can be conducted in accordance with the requirements of CAR 157 with
regard to low flying.
ALTERNATE REQUIREMENTS (Helicopters)
When operating a helicopter under the VFR, and the use of the helicopter VMC is
permissible at the destination, the pilot in command must provide for a suitable
alternate aerodrome when either of the following conditions is forecast at the
destination:
A. cloud- more than 4/8ths of below a ceiling of 1,000FT; or
B. visibility-less than 3,000M
For flight by aeroplanes under the VFR (day or night) and helicopters operating under
the VFR at night, the alternate minima are a ceiling of 1,500 FT and a visibility of 8KM.
For VFR helicopter operations by day, the alternate minima are the same as for night
unless the additional conditions specified in the above paragraphs are met.
When these additional conditions are met, the alternate requirements are as shown
in the above paragraphs.
307
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3 SECTION
HELICOPTER
SPECIAL VFR
10 000' (AMSL)
Visibility
800 metres
reduced
speed
Aerodrome with instrument approach procedure
SAME VMC IN CONTROLLED
AIRSPACE BUT ATC MAY DIRECT
HIGHER CONDITIONS, OR PERMIT
VFR FLIGHT IN LOWER CONDITIONS
AIRCRAFT MAY TAKE OFF OR LAND
IF FLIGHT AT THE MINIMUM ALTITUDE
PERMISSABLE ON THE PROPOSED
FLIGHT PATH CAN BE MADE IN VMC
000FT (AMSL)
NON-CONTROLLED AIRSPACE - HELICOPTER
Visibility 8000M
1500
metres
700FT
1000FT
1000FT
10 miles
3 000FT (AMSL)
1 000FT (AGL)
Visibility 5000M
Clear of cloud
Visibility 5000M
Clear of cloud
5KM VIS
1500
metres
1000FT
1000FT
308
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3 SECTION
HELICOPTER
VMC - OUTSIDE CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
USE OF AERODROMES (CAR 92)
1. An aircraft shall not land at, or take-off from, any place unless:
A. the place is an aerodrome established under the Air Navigation
Regulations; or
B. the use of the place as an aerodrome is authorised by a licence granted
under regulation 89C; or
C. the place is an aerodrome for which an arrangement under section 20
of the Act is in force and the use of the aerodrome by aircraft engaged
in civil air navigation is authorised by CASA under that section; or
D. the place (not being a place referred to in paragraph (a), (b) or (c)) is
suitable for use as an aerodrome for the purposes of the landing and
taking-off of aircraft; and, having regard to all the circumstances of the
proposed landing or take-off (including the prevailing weather conditions),
the aircraft can land at, or take-off from, the place in safety.
CIRCUIT HEIGHT
By convention, the following circuit heights are flown;
• jets, 1500AFT AGL
• piston/turbo prop, 1000FT AGL; and
• helicopters, 800FT AGL
Circuit heights for aerodromes which have specific requirements are published in ERSA.
HELICOPTER OPERATIONS - AT AERODROMES AND IN
HELICOPTER ACCESS CORRIDORS AND LANES
General
The procedure in this section apply to all helicopters operating in the vicinity of
aerodromes and in helicopter access corridors and lanes, in accordance with the
provisions of CAR’s 92,157,163 and 166.
Taxiing
For all helicopters, maximum use of the "air transit" procedure should be made to
expedite traffic movement and flow about an aerodrome.
All helicopters may use "air taxiing" procedures as required. However, wheeled
helicopters, where practicable, are encouraged to "ground taxi" on prepared surfaced
to minimise rotor wash and its effects.
At night a helicopter should not taxi via routes which do not meet the physical
dimensions and lighting requirements specified in CAAP 92-2(0).
309
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3 SECTION
HELICOPTER
AERODROMES
Take-off/ Departure
At controlled aerodromes, helicopters may be granted a take-off clearance or
instructed to report airborne, as appropriate, from any area nominated by ATC or the
pilot, and assessed by the pilot as being suitable as a HLS.
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