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ATC.
HOLDING ON THE RUNWAY
The pilot in command must not hold on the runway in use unless permission to
do so has been obtained from ATC.
CLEARANCE REQUIRED
A pilot in command must not take off unless the specific clearance
‘CLEARED FOR TAKE-OFF” has been received
SEPARATION MINIMA FOR TAKE-OFF
An aircraft will not be permitted to commence take-off until:
• a preceding departing aircraft using the same runway has:
- crossed the upwind end of the runway
- commenced a turn
- if the runway if longer than 1,800M, become airborne and is at least 1,800M
ahead of the proposed point of lift off
- if the preceding aircraft has a MTOW of 7,000KG or less and the following aircraft
has a MTOW below 2,000KG and is slower, the preceding aircraft is airborne and is
at least 600M ahead of the proposed point of lift off; or
- if both aircraft have a MTOW below 2,000KG, the preceding aircraft is airborne
and is at least 600M ahead of the proposed point of lift off;
• a preceding landing aircraft using the same runway has vacated it and is taxiing away
from the runway; and
• a preceding aircraft, using another runway, has crossed or stopped short of the takeoff
aircraft’s runway.
Where reasonable to do so, ATC may issue a take-off clearance in
anticipation that the prescribed separation will exist at the time
that the take-off roll is commenced
245
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
TAKE-OFF
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
Other than as specified for Land And Hold Short (LAHSO) Operations,
exceptions to these application of separation standards are:
• aircraft taking off in formation with respect to each other;
• aircraft operating in different areas or lanes on aerodromes with runways
or facilities suitable for simultaneous take-offs (CAR168); and
• the avoidance of wake turbulence.
AFTER TAKE-OFF
AIRBORNE REPORT (Radar Environment)
Where departures control is established, or when instructed to call radar when
airborne, a pilot must, on first contact, report:
• the direction of turn;
• the initial radar heading;
• the altitude passing, to nearest 100FT; and
• the last assigned level.
DEPARTURE REPORT (NON RADAR ENVIRONMENT) CLASS D
Except when an airborne report has been made, a departure report containing
the following information must be passed to the tower:
• departure time;
• tracking information;
• the last assigned altitude; and
• the estimate for the first en route reporting point.
The departure time must be calculated as follows:
• current time minus an adjustment for the distance from the aerodrome;
or
• when over or abeam the aerodrome.
Tracking information must confirm the track established with reference to the
appropriate navigation aid, or visual reference.
246
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
AFTER TAKE-OFF
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
ESTABLISHMENT ON TRACK
Unless otherwise instructed by ATC, a pilot in command must remain within 5 NM of
the departure aerodrome to establish flight on the departure track as soon as
practicable after take-off.
FREQUENCY CHANGE
When frequency change instructions are issued immediately preceding the take-off
clearance, pilots must change frequency automatically from Tower as soon as
practicable after take-off, preferably within one mile of becoming airborne.
In all other situations, pilots of departing aircraft are required to remain on Tower
frequency until specific frequency change instructions are issued. Pilots can generally
expect an instruction to contact Departures Control prior to reaching 2,000FT and
should, when advised, effect the change as soon as possible.
When contacting Area Control, advise only whether climbing to, descending to,
or maintaining the last assigned level.
EN ROUTE
In non-radar CTA, pilots must report maintaining an assigned level. After any en-route
frequency change, the pilot must advise the last assigned level and whether the aircraft
is on climb, cruise or descent.
5nm
DEPARTURE
TRACK
247
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
OPERATIONS
09/2001
3
AFTER TAKE-OFF
SECTION
CONTROLLED AIRSPACE
VFR FLIGHTS ENTERING CLASSES C OR D AIRSPACE
Before reaching the boundary of classes C or D airspace, the pilot must establish twoway
communications with ATC on the frequency notified on the chart, in ERSA, or AIP
Supplement or NOTAM, and obtain a clearance.
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VFR Flight Guide(87)
