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to a Cospas-Sarsat satellite pass. If an embedded GPS is fitted, a position will be
passed along with this initial alert advice. The time critical nature of an adequate
response is a major consideration when considering the safety of life.
THE TYPICAL COSPAS-SARSAT COVERAGE AREA AND AVERAGE TIMES FOR
DETECTIONOF A 121.5 MHz DISTRESS BEACONS IN THE AUSTRALIAN AREA
ALBANY
BUNDABERG
WELLINGTON
6 HOURS
1 HOUR
2 HOURS
4 HOURS
323
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DISTRESS BEACONS
09/2001
4
EMERGENCY ACTIVATION
SECTION
USING DISTRESS BEACONS
If you are in the WATER, and your beacon is buoyant, the beacon should be activated
IN THE WATER and allowed to float to the end of the lanyard.
You should ensure that the aerial is substantially vertical. DO NOT attach the lanyard to
the aircraft, but rather a person or liferaft.
In situations where you are forced to use a non-buoyant distress beacon in a water
survival situation, ensure that the beacon is kept dry. The beacon will operate
successfully from inside a plastic bag, and should be located just as close to the water
as possible. If you raise the beacon high above the water, the beacon’s effectiveness
will be reduced.
For operations over LAND, you will get the best performance from an ELT by operating
it while still installed in the aircraft as long as the fixed aerial remains attached. If there
is any doubt about the integrity of the system, then it should be removed from the
aircraft and used in the manner described below for PLBs.
PLBs are most effective when placed on a flat surface on the ground in an exposed
position. Space blankets or aluminium foil make good earth mats to optimise the
signal with the active beacon being placed in the middle. It is suggested that if you
carry a beacon you also carry sufficient household aluminium foil to make a 120cm
square earth mat for use in emergencies.
You should always activate your distress beacon if you are in grave and imminent
danger regardless of whether you can optimise its performance as described above.
Modern distress beacons have been detected by other aircraft and the Cospas Sarsat
system in very marginal conditions.
324
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DISTRESS BEACONS
09/2001
4
EMERGENCY ACTIVATION
SECTION
325
Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
EMERGENCY PROCEDURES DISTRESS BEACONS
09/2001
4
EMERGENCY ACTIVATION
SECTION
IN THE EVENT OF BEING FORCED DOWN OR SOME INSTANCES
DITCHING
ACTIVATE THE DISTRESS BEACON IMMEDIATELY
• Where the beacon is permanently installed, activate the beacon in situ, or if there
is some concern about the integrity of the installation, remove it and use it as
described below.
• Where a non-permanent ELT or a PLB is being used, select a site for the activation of
the beacon. If possible, the site should be elevated, clear of trees, boulders, etc and
reasonably close to the aircraft.
• Place the beacon on a flat surface and use an earth mat if available. You may
consider placing the beacon on the wing of the aircraft or other reflective metal
surface if there is no earth mat available or the terrain is inhospitable to any other
option.
• If required, secure the beacon with rocks, sticks, tape, etc so that the aerial remains
substantially vertical.
• Remain clear of the beacon. Obstacles near it will distort the radiation pattern.
• A beacon which is damaged or under wreckage may still transmit some signal so
always activate it.
• To avoid confusing direction finding equipment on search aircraft, avoid activating
two or more beacons within 1NM of each other. If two or more beacons are
available, their use should be rationalised to extend the alerting period.
• In the event of a search, an aircraft may drop a radio to you. Walk away from the
beacon to avoid interference on the radio transmission frequency. DO NOT switch
off the beacon UNLESS instructed to do so.
CARE AND STORAGE OF DISTRESS BEACONS
Because an air traffic services unit or AusSAR will declare a Distress Phase immediately
it is made aware that a beacon signal has been detected, it is most important that care
is taken by pilots and technical staff to ensure that beacons are not activated
accidentally.
Owners of Beacons are asked to observe the following:
• READ and ADHERE to the operating and general instructions issued by the
manufacturer.
• Ensure that impact operated beacons are switched ‘OFF’ except when arming is
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VFR Flight Guide(22)
