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visibility information as guidance material.
AUTOMATED WEATHER STATIONS REPORTING OF RAINFALL
The remarks section of the report may include figures to indicate rainfall recorded
by an automatic rain gauge.
The information is in the form RF00.0/000.0 where the first three digits after the
letters RF will indicate the rainfall recorded in the ten minutes prior to the observation
time, and the next four digits indicate the total rainfall recorded since 0900 local
mean time of the observation time. Both amounts are expressed in millimetres to the
nearest 0.2mm.
Note: In situations of fine droplet precipitation, such as very light drizzle or fine mist
situations, there may not be sufficient precipitation recorded to indicate any
rainfall in the last ten minutes. Pilots should, therefore, regard automated reports
of rainfall as guidance material only.
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Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
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AVIATION FORECASTS
SECTION
ELEMENTS OF REPORT NOT AVAILABLE
In cases where some elements of a report are not available; eg, visibility or cloud in an
automatic weather station report, the indicator “IIII” will be used.
TERMINAL AERODROME FORECASTS
EXAMPLES
• TAF YCOM 070635Z 0820 18015KT 9999 FEW005 BKN020 TEMPO 1014 2000
-SHSN BKN005 SCT020 T 03 00 M02 M04 Q1008 1007 1006 1006
• TAF YSSY 010435Z 0606 31005KT CAVOK FM14 16015KT 8000 SHRA BKN008
SCT030 FM23 23010KT 9999 NO SIG WX SCT030 T 25 21 18 15 Q 1012 1013
1014 1014
• TAF YSCB 270648Z 0820 33015G28KT 3000 +RA BKN010 OVC100
FM14 16015KT 8000 SHRA FEW010 SCT040 SCT100 INTER 1015 1000 +TSRA
BKN005 SCT040CB FM08 MOD TURB BLW 5000FT TIL 15 T 14 13 13 11 Q 1016
1015 1013 1016
• TAF YMHB 100645Z 0820 14001KT 3500 DZ OVC005 FM12 14001KT 0300 FG
T 12 11 10 10 Q 1018 1019 1020 1019
PROVISIONAL FORECASTS
Forecasts may be prefixed PROV (to denote provisional) when considered likely to be
deficient in accuracy because origination was by a forecasting office issuing
information for a location or area not under its authority.
Note: The Director of Meteorology may, however, authorise the issue of provisional TAF
in additional circumstances
Provisional aerodrome forecasts will be confirmed or amended as soon as possible.
TAF
START
2000 0400 0800
TAF
FINISH
30
MINS
30
MINS
TAF YMAY 021830Z 2008 35010KT CAVOK
FM 04 30015KT OVC100
INTER 0408 30020G40KT 3000 +TSRA BKN010 SCT040CB
T 23 24 28 33 Q 1012 1013 1014 1009
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Civil Aviation Safety Authority Australia
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AVIATION FORECASTS
SECTION
WIND SHEAR FORECAST SERVICES
Aircraft encounters during climb and descent are the primary means of detecting wind
shear. The MET forecasting office provides advice, when possible, on the likely duration
of the event and forecast low level wind.
Wind shear events are not readily detectable using current meteorological
instrumentation; however, where a risk of wind shear is assessed from a consideration
of the meteorological situation, then a forecast of PROBABLE VERTICAL WIND SHEAR
is issued. These forecasts are normally valid for up to two hours from their time of
issue, and are reviewed every half hour and reissued as necessary. This service is
provided at Adelaide, Alice Springs, Brisbane, Cairns, Canberra, Darwin, Launceston,
Melbourne, Perth, Port Headland, Rockhampton, Sydney and Townsville during duty
hours of the MET forecasting office.
When wind shear is forecast or reported by pilots at an intensity greater than “light”,
this information, together with a forecast low level wind, will be included on the ATIS
at any of the above aerodromes.
METEOROLOGICAL REPORTS
Aerodrome Weather Reports are observations of meteorological conditions at
aerodromes. The reports are made by approved observers, and/or electronic recording
devices called Automatic Weather Stations (AWS). The different types of reports are
detailed below.
ROUTINE REPORTS (METAR) are issued at fixed times, hourly or half hourly, and are
made available at preflight briefing or on request to aircraft (METAR composition is
detailed on page 136.
SPECIAL REPORTS (SPECI)
Aerodrome weather reports issued whenever weather conditions meet or are below
specified criteria.
SPECI reports are issued whenever there is more than 4/8ths cloud (ie BKN or OVC) at
or below the alternate minimum cloud base, or whenever the horizontal visibility is at
or below the alternate minimum visibility*. Additional SPECI may be issued when
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