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AS842-01-2 in appendix II of the WAWS Installation and Maintenance
Manual.
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Figure 6 - WAWS Block Diagram
2.1.3.2 Wind Sensor Simulator
Each remote station will include a wind sensor simulator, providing selectable
values for wind speed and direction. The simulator can be remotely operated
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over the radio or cable link or locally operated using the built-in maintenance
port.
2.1.3.3 Reliability Issues
Mean Time Between Failure (MTBF) for the remote station electronics is
40,000 hours.
Preventative maintenance requirements for the remote station (not including
sensor) do not require more than one visit per year to each remote site.
No LRU failure can cause damage or interfere with the operation of any other
LRU. In addition, high voltage suppression is provided using gas discharge
tubes and transorb devices. This is considered superior to the optical isolation
used by many manufacturers. As a result, no Almos weather station has ever
caused damage to other network elements, even during a direct lightning
strike.
Protective devices are provided on all power, sensor and communications
connections in the remote stations. All connections (except RF) utilise gas
discharge tubes and transorb devices, providing two-stage protection.
A coaxial surge protector is provided on the incoming RF connection.
2.1.3.4 Remote Station Electrical Power Requirements
Power may be supplied using a solar panel with a maintenance-free sealed
lead-acid battery set and a built in solar regulator, or commercial mains
power.
Average power requirements for LRUs (including wind sensor and radio) are
approximately 160mA at 12 V.
All remote stations are battery backed with a maintenance free sealed leadacid
battery, providing at least 32 hours of operation.
2.1.3.5 Environmental Conditions
The remote stations offered fully satisfy the military temperature range
requirements. Extremely high temperatures of over 55°C may be endured
without adversely affecting the operating of the system. The design of the
equipment shelter also helps to keep the temperature of the electronics as
low as possible in high ambient temperature conditions.
The enclosure’s protective category corresponds to NEMA-4X.
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• Altitude: 10,000 feet operating, 50,000 feet non-operating.
• Operating temperature: -40C to +70C
• Blowing Rain: Present
• EM interference: FCC class A compliant
• Humidity: <15% to 100% operating.
• MTBF: 272,945 hours (31.2 years)
2.1.3.6 Remote Station Obstruction Lights
Obstruction lights are fitted to all masts supplied. The type of obstruction
light offered is the Obelux 32-12-HTS. This FAA and ICAO compliant
obstruction light offers the following benefits:
• Long maintenance intervals
• Low energy cost (less than 10W)
• Supply power voltage variations do
not affect light output.
• Very low total lifetime costs.
• Low wind load
• ICAO & FAA compliance
• Exceeds temperature requirements –
–55C to +80C operating
2.1.4 LLWAS Wind Sensors
There are several options available for the wind sensor, both cup-and-vane
and ultrasonic types.
Sensors are supplied by selected third party suppliers. Almos do not
manufacture sensors and therefore sensor selection is solely based on
independent, unbiased evaluation of technical performance and sale price.
Several types of wind sensors are supported by the Almos WAWS aleady
however any type can be interfaced should the customer’s preference fall
outside of the sensors for which drivers already exist namely:
Vaisala WAA/WAV151 - Cup and Vane
Vaisala WS425 - Ultrasonic
METEK USA1 - Ultrasonic
Met-One - Ultrasonic
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All ultrasonic sensors are virtually maintenance free. Only annual checks are
required to ensure that the sensing elements are free of debris.
Each sensor is directly connected to the Almos WAWS (Remote Station) unit
using either a serial (RS232 or RS422) link or a digital interface. This allows the
Almos WAWS to perform all data averaging, logging, error correction and
communications functions directly on the measured data.
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