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18.4 If pilots do not make PIREPs by radio, it is helpful if, upon landing, they report to the nearest AFSS/FSS or Weather Forecast Office the inflight conditions which they encountered. Some of the uses made of the reports are:
18.4.1 The ATCT uses the reports to expedite the flow of air traffic in the vicinity of the field and for hazardous weather avoidance procedures.
18.4.2 The AFSS/FSS uses the reports to brief other pilots, to provide inflight advisories and weather avoidance information to en route aircraft.
18.4.3 The ARTCC uses the reports to expedite the flow of en route traffic, to determine most favorable altitudes, and to issue hazardous weather information within the center’s area.
18.4.4 The NWS uses the reports to verify or amend conditions contained in aviation forecasts and advisories; (In some cases, pilot reports of hazardous conditions are the triggering mechanism for the issuance of advisories.)
18.4.5 The NWS, other government organizations, the military, and private industry groups use PIREPs for research activities in the study of meteorological phenomena.
18.4.6 All air traffic facilities and the NWS forward the reports received from pilots into the weather distribution system to assure the information is made available to all pilots and other interested parties.
18.5 The FAA, NWS, and other organizations that enter PIREPs into the weather reporting system use the format listed in TBL GEN 3.5.7, PIREP Element Code Chart. Items 1 through 6 are included in all transmitted PIREPs along with one or more of items 7 through 13. Although the PIREP should be as complete and concise as possible, pilots should not be overly concerned with strict format or phraseology. The important thing is that the information is relayed so other pilots may benefit from your observation. If a portion of the report needs clarification, the ground station will request the information.
18.6 Completed PIREPs will be transmitted to weather circuits as in the following examples:
EXAMPLE.
KCMH UA/OV APE 230010/TM 1516/FL085/TP BE20/SK BKN065/WX FV03SM HZ FU/TA 20/TB LGT.
Translation: one zero miles southwest of Appleton VOR; time 1516 UTC; altitude eight thousand five hundred; aircraft type BE20; base of the broken cloud layer is six thousand five hundred; flight visibility 3 miles with haze and smoke; air temperature 20 degrees Celsius; light turbulence.
EXAMPLE.
KCRW UA/OV KBKW 360015.KCRW/TM 1815/ FL120/TP BE99/SK IMC/WX RA./TA M08/WV 290030/TB LGT.MDT/IC LGT RIME/RM MDT MXD ICG DURC KROA NWBND FL080.100 1750Z.
Translation: from 15 miles north of Beckley VOR to Charleston VOR; time 1815 UTC; altitude 12,000 feet; type aircraft, BE.99; in clouds; rain; temperature minus 8 Celsius; wind 290 degrees magnetic at 30 knots; light to moderate turbulence; light rime icing during climb northwestbound from Roanoke, VA, between 8,000 and 10,000 feet at 1750 UTC.
TBL GEN 3.5.7
PIREP Element Code Chart
PIREP ELEMENT PIREP CODE CONTENTS
1. 3.letter station identifier XXX Nearest weather reporting location to the reported phenomenon
2. Report type UA or UUA Routine or urgent PIREP
3. Location /OV In relation to a VOR
4. Time /TM Coordinated Universal Time
5. Altitude /FL Essential for turbulence and icing reports
6. Type aircraft /TP Essential for turbulence and icing reports
7. Sky cover /SK Cloud height and coverage (sky clear, few, scattered, broken, or overcast)
8. Weather /WX Flight visibility, precipitation, restrictions to visibility, etc.
9. Temperature /TA Degrees Celsius
10. Wind /WV Direction in degrees magnetic north and speed in knots
11. Turbulence /TB See paragraph 22.
12. Icing /IC See paragraph 20.
13. Remarks /RM For reporting elements not included or to clarify previously reported items
19. Mandatory MET Points established. These points are located within the Houston, Miami, and San Juan Flight Information
19.1 Within the ICAO CAR/SAM Regions and Regions (FIR). These points have been established within the U.S. area of responsibility, several for flights between the South American and mandatory MET reporting points have been Caribbean Regions and Europe, Canada and the U.S.
19.2 Mandatory MET Reporting Points Within the Houston FIR
Point For Flights Between
ABBOT Acapulco and Montreal, New York, Toronto, Mexico City and New Orleans.
ALARD New Orleans and Belize, Guatemala, San Pedro Sula, Mexico City and Miami, Tampa.
ARGUS Toronto and Guadalajara, Mexico City, New Orleans and Mexico City.
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