美国航行情报汇编 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION AIP 1(137)

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NOTE.
When an EFAS outlet is located in a time zone different from the zone in which the flight watch control station is located, the availability of service may be plus or minus 1 hour from the normal operating hours.
3.8.2 In some regions of the contiguous U.S., especially those that are mountainous, it is necessary to be above 5000 feet AGL in order to be at an altitude where the EFAS frequency, 122.0 MHz, is available. Pilots should take this into account when flight planning. Other AFSS communication frequencies may be available at lower altitudes. See FIG GEN 3.5.2.
3.8.3 Contact flight watch by using the name of the ARTCC facility serving the area of your location, followed by your aircraft identification and the name of the nearest VOR to your position. The specialist needs to know this approximate location to select the most appropriate outlet for communications cover-age.
EXAMPLE.
Cleveland flight watch, Cessna One Three Four Two Kilo, Mansfield V.O.R, over.
3.8.4 Charts depicting the location of the flight watch control stations (parent facility) and the outlets they use are contained in the Airport/Facility Directory. If you do not know in which flight watch area you are flying, initiate contact by using the words “FLIGHT WATCH,” your aircraft identification, and the name of the nearest VOR. The facility will respond using the name of the flight watch facility.
EXAMPLE.
Flight watch, Cessna One Two Three Four Kilo, Mansfield V.O.R, over.

3.8.5 Radio outlets that provide En Route Flight Advisory Service are listed in the Airport/Facility Directory.
3.8.6 EFAS is not intended to be used for filing or closing flight plans, position reporting, getting complete preflight briefings, or obtaining random weather reports and forecasts. En route flight advisories are tailored to the phase of flight that begins after climb.out and ends with descent to land. Immediate destination weather and terminal airport forecasts will be provided on request. Pilots requesting information not within the scope of flight watch will be advised of the appropriate AFSS/FSS frequency to contact to obtain the information. Pilot participation is essential to the success of EFAS by providing a continuous exchange of information on weather, winds, turbulence, flight visibility, icing or other hazardous conditions between pilots and flight watch specialists. Pilots are encouraged to report good weather as well as bad, and to confirm both expected conditions and unexpected conditions to EFAS facilities.
3.9 Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories
3.9.1 Background
3.9.1.1 Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories are forecasts to advise en route aircraft of development of potentially hazardous weather. All inflight aviation weather advisories in the conterminous U.S. are issued by the Aviation Weather Center (AWC) in Kansas City, Missouri. The Weather Forecast Office (WFO) in Honolulu issues advisories for the Hawaiian Islands. In Alaska, the Alaska Aviation Weather Unit (AAWU) issues inflight aviation weather advisories. All heights are referenced MSL, except in the case of ceilings (CIG) which indicate AGL.
3.9.1.2 There are three types of inflight aviation weather advisories: the Significant Meteorological Information (SIGMET), the Convective SIGMET and the Airmen’s Meteorological Information (AIRMET.text or graphical product). All of these advisories, with the exception of G.AIRMET, use the same location identifiers (either VORs, airports, or well.known geographic areas) (G.AIRMET uses Lat./Long.) to describe the hazardous weather areas. See FIG GEN 3.5.3 and FIG GEN 3.5.4. Graphics with improved clarity can be found in the latest version of Advisory Circular AC 00.45, Aviation Weather Services, which is available on the following Web site: http://www.faa.gov.
3.9.1.3 Two other weather products supplement these Inflight Aviation Weather Advisories:
 a) The Severe Weather Watch Bulletins (WWs), (with associated Alert Messages) (AWW), and
 b) The Center Weather Advisories (CWAs).
3.9.2 SIGMET (WS)/AIRMET (text [WA] or graphical [G.AIRMET])
SIGMETs/AIRMETs (text or graphical [CONUS. only] products) are issued corresponding to the Area Forecast (FA) areas described in FIG GEN 3.5.5, FIG GEN 3.5.6 and FIG GEN 3.5.7. The maximum forecast period is 4 hours for SIGMETs and 6 hours for AIRMETs. The G.AIRMET is issued over the CONUS every 6 hours, valid at 3.hour increments through 12 hours, with optional forecasts possible during the first 6 hours. The first 6 hours of the G.AIRMET correspond to the 6.hour period of the AIRMET. SIGMETS and AIRMETS are considered “widespread” because they must be either affecting or be forecasted to affect an area of at least 3,000 square miles at any one time. However, if the total area to be affected during the forecast period is very large, it could be that in actuality only a small portion of this total area would be affected at any one time.
　
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