曝光台 注意防骗
网曝天猫店富美金盛家居专营店坑蒙拐骗欺诈消费者
NOTE.
An aviation weather product produced by the Federal Government and managed by the AWTT is classified a primary weather product unless designated a supplementary weather product by the FAA.
3.6.10 In developing the definitions of primary and supplementary weather products, it is not the intent of FAA to change or increase the regulatory burden on the user. Rather, the definitions are meant to eliminate confusion by differentiating between weather products that may be utilized to meet regulatory requirements and other weather products that may only be used to improve situational awareness.
3.6.11 All flight.related, aviation weather decisions must be based on primary weather products. Supplementary weather products augment the primary products by providing additional weather information but may not be used as stand.alone weather products to meet aviation weather regulatory requirements or without the relevant primary products. When discrepancies exist between primary and supplementary weather products describing the same weather phenomena, users must base flight. related decisions on the primary weather product. Furthermore, multiple primary products may be necessary to meet all aviation weather regulatory requirements.
3.6.12 The development of enhanced communica-tions capabilities, most notably the Internet, has allowed pilots access to an ever.increasing range of weather service providers and proprietary products. The FAA has identified three distinct types of weather information available to pilots and operators.
3.6.12.1 Observations. Raw weather data collected by some type of sensor suite including surface and airborne observations, radar, lightning, satellite imagery, and profilers.
3.6.12.2 Analysis. Enhanced depiction and/or interpretation of observed weather data.
3.6.12.3 Forecasts. Predictions of the development and/or movement of weather phenomena based on meteorological observations and various mathematical models.
3.6.13 Not all sources of aviation weather information are able to provide all three types of weather information. The FAA has determined that operators and pilots may utilize the following approved sources of aviation weather information:
3.6.13.1 Federal Government. The FAA and NWS collect raw weather data, analyze the observations, and produce forecasts. The FAA and NWS disseminate meteorological observations, analyses, and forecasts through a variety of systems. In addition, the Federal Government is the only approval authority for sources of weather observations; for example, contract towers and airport operators may be approved by the Federal Government to provide weather observations.
3.6.13.2 Enhanced Weather Information System (EWINS). An EWINS is an FAA approved, proprietary system for tracking, evaluating, reporting, and forecasting the presence or lack of adverse weather phenomena. An EWINS is authorized to produce flight movement forecasts, adverse weather phenomena forecasts, and other meteorological advisories. For more detailed information regarding EWINS, see the Aviation Weather Services Advisory Circular 00.45 and the Air Transportation Operations Inspector’s Handbook 8400.10.
3.6.13.3 Commercial Weather Information Providers. In general, commercial providers produce proprietary weather products based on NWS/FAA products with formatting and layout modifications but no material changes to the weather information itself. This is also referred to as “repackaging.” In addition, commercial providers may produce analyses, forecasts, and other proprietary weather products that substantially alter the information contained in government.produced products. However, those proprietary weather products that substantially alter government. produced weather products or information, may only be approved for use by 14 CFR Part 121 and Part 135 certificate holders if the commercial provider is EWINS qualified.
NOTE.
Commercial weather information providers contracted by FAA to provide weather observations, analyses, and forecasts (e.g., contract towers) are included in the Federal Government category of approved sources by virtue of maintaining required technical and quality assurance standards under Federal Government oversight.
3.6.14 As a point of clarification, Advisory Circular 00.62, Internet Communications of Aviation Weather and NOTAMS, describes the process for a weather information provider to become a Qualified Internet Communications Provider (QICP) and only applies to 14 CFR Part 121 and Part 135 certificate holders. Therefore, pilots conducting operations under 14 CFR Part 91 may access weather products via the public Internet.
3.7 Preflight Briefing
3.7.1 Flight Service Stations are the primary source of obtaining preflight briefings and inflight weather information. Flight Service Specialists are qualified and certificated by the NWS as Pilot Weather Briefers. They are not authorized to make original forecasts, but are authorized to translate and interpret available forecasts (TAF) and reports (METAR/ SPECI) directly into terms describing the weather conditions which you can expect along your flight route and at your destination. Available aviation weather reports and forecasts are displayed at each AFSS/FSS. Some of the larger AFSSs/FSSs provide a separate display for pilot use. Pilots should feel free to use these self.briefing displays where available, or to ask for a briefing or for assistance from the specialist on duty. Three basic types of preflight briefings are available: Standard Briefing, Abbre-viated Briefing, and Outlook Briefing. You should specify to the briefer the type of briefing you want, along with appropriate background information. This will enable the briefer to tailor the information to your intended flight. The following paragraphs describe the types of briefings available and the information provided in each.
中国航空网 www.aero.cn
航空翻译 www.aviation.cn
本文链接地址：美国航行情报汇编 AERONAUTICAL INFORMATION PUBLICATION AIP 1(134)
