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Design Loop
New Programme
Design
Data
Static Loads
Development
Dynamic Loads
Analysis
Customer
Specification
Airworthiness
Requirements
Basic Sizing
Detail Analysis
Stable
Solution?
Y
N
Finite Element
Fatigue Analysis Analysis
Loads Loop
Landing Gear
Loads Envelope
Landing Gear
Geometry
Final Report
Materials Data
Review of Traditional Methods
Paper
Traditional method for calculation
Time consuming (especially for repetition)
Legacy programmes remain paper based
Fortran Codes
Early approach to speeding up repetitive tasks
Limited flexibility
Not easy to modify
Excel
Widely used to automate paper based approach
Flexible
Programmable
Poor reporting capability
Limited bespoke Engineering functionality
Equations hidden and unclear
Progress
Review of Traditional Methods
How can we do what we do better?
Enhance capability
Access to better Engineering based Software
Access to Standard and advanced Engineering functions
Speed up process…find ways to reduce analysis time
Reduce or Automate Data Flow
Standardise Calculation Sheets
– Reduce calculation sheet development
Improve Quality
Standardise
– Minimise new calculation development
– Build templates
Automatic Error Checking
Visibility of calculations
Integrated Solution - Mathcad
How can Mathcad to improve process?
Enhance capability
Built in Engineering functionality
– Matrix Manipulation, Units manipulation, Curve Fitting, etc.
– Roark, Marks, etc.
Speed up process…find ways to reduce analysis time
Links to other applications and data sources
– E.g., Excel for tables…take benefits from both applications
Reporting
– Calculation becomes the report (not calculations plus additional text report writing)
Improve Quality
Standardisation
– Large database of Engineering functions built in to software
– Template generation possible
– Built in Units checking and conversion
Visibility
– Visual error checking of analysis (calculations are there to be seen)
Integrated Solution - Mathcad
Stepped Approach to Integration
1) Low Level
Standardise individual calculation worksheets
Build a calculation template database
Make use of built in functionality
2) Intermediate Level
Initiate to build links to other templates
Create bespoke generic templates
E.g., Area properties calculation
Standardise materials data entry
Build single materials database and link to all calculation sheets
3)High Level
Automate Links to Loads Data
Remove manual data entry of load cases into worksheets
Include load case/results management
Future Developments - Links to Geometry Data
Link to Catia geometry data
Integrated Solution - Mathcad
1st Step, Low Level Integration
Replace standard calculation
guides with Mathcad calculation
worksheet (template).
Example analysis of a lug:
c
W t
d
a
a = Lug radius
c = Lug wall thickness
d = Hole diameter
t = Lug thickness
W = Applied load
fa = Applied Stress
Ftu = Ultimate tensile
strength
RF = Reserve factor
ct
f W a 2
=
a
tu
f
RF= F
Feature Definition
Calculations
(Method)
Descriptions
Integrated Solution - Mathcad
Basic Mathcad Template
Basic feature defined
Parameters described
Method defined
Manual inputs for all data, but:
Calculation defined in method
Calculation sheet defines final
report
Feature
Definition
Inputs
Calculations
(Method)
Descriptions
Results
c :=5mm Wall Thickness
d:=30mm Hole Diameter
t:=20mm Lug Thickness
W:= 190000N Applied Load
Ftu:= 1000MPa Ultimate Tensile Streng
fa
W
2⋅c⋅t
:= fa = 9.5× 108 Pa
RF
Ftu
fa
:= RF= 1.053
Integrated Solution - Mathcad
2nd Step, Intermediate Level Integration
Link basic methods to lower level utility worksheets,
e.g., geometry calculations
Link in Materials database to analysis sheets
Example lug calculation:
c calculated from drawing dimensions a and d
Ftu locked in materials database
c :=5mm Wall Thickness
d:=30mm Hole Diameter
t:=20mm Lug Thickness
W:= 190000N Applied Load
Ftu:= 1000MPa Ultimate Tensile Streng
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