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a well-known face at the office and has a reputation for his
willingness to chat and catch up on the day’s news.
In the evening, Ali returns to his wife Suna and their
daughter Gizem. At home, Suna does all the household
chores. Suna left her job of 17 years as a personnel manager
three years ago. She was unhappy with the anti-union
stance of the company. “The boss would not let me employ
anyone who was a member of a union,” she says. Suna and
Ali were able to use her severance pay to buy the small, but
comfortable, three-bedroom apartment in Osman Yilonaz,
not far from where Ali works.
Gizem attends the local state school where she has been
enrolled for the last five years. She is a bright and cheerful
ten-year-old, eager to talk about the lessons she receives
at school and the time spent with her friends. This summer
she started learning how to play volleyball, participating in
a course organised by the Olympics committee in Turkey.
She has also started to learn how to play the guitar.
The family is supported by Ali’s income of 1,000 million
Turkish lira (€530) per month. Out of this, approximately 20
per cent goes on bills for electricity, water, telephone, heating
and maintenance of the apartment. The balance of Ali’s
income goes towards other living expenses and food, with
very little left over at the end of the month. They last took a
Union members drop in at the Birlesik branch office to read the daily papers.
Ali’s family: Gizem and Suna.
METAL WORLD 16 No 4 • 2004
fFeature
T U R K E Y
family holiday together four years ago, when Suna was still
earning, to the coast of the Black Sea.
TURKEY AND THE EU
When asked what impact he believes joining Europe could
have on living and working in Turkey, Ali discusses at
length the wide-range of issues involved. “I am not opposed
to joining the EU,” he said, adding “but I have some reservations.”
For Ali the key issues relate to economics, trade
union rights and changes to traditions and culture.
“I think we don’t really understand the meaning of entering
the EU. The integration of Turkish capitalists with European
capitalists is the problematic area. I think that the EU
seeks the labour power of Turkey and it will only be on this
condition that they accept us. There may be some positive
points, such as democratisation, improved ecological sensitivity
and human rights. But some steps need to be taken,
especially in the area of trade union rights,” he argues.
Speaking about Turkish culture and religion, Ali says,
“We also have our own traditions and by entering the EU,
I think we will lose, or will give some concessions, from
these traditional ways, as will people in other countries in
Europe.” He goes on to explain that, “In a recent discussion
at work, we talked about Britains, Germans, Italians
and others settling in our communities in Turkey. My colleagues
ask “What will happen if there is a religious imam
in town, and they complain about being disturbed by the
noise?” For most of my co-workers these traditions are
important and they think they should stay.”
Turkey’s geographical proximity means that European
integration is occurring even before formal accession. And
Ali and his union are already engaged with European trade
union issues. Mentioning how the workers at his plant
in October participated in the European Day of Action
against the proposed job cuts at General Motors Europe,
Ali said, “We had a copy of the European Metalworkers’
Federation’s statement at the plant and we met and discussed
what was happening.” Ali has also been to Germany
on exchange with unionists at IG Metall.
STARK CONTRAST
Infringements on workers’ rights occur daily in Turkey,
especially where people are labouring outside the protection
of unions. And for many, the improvements in trade
union rights that might occur with accession to the EU feel
much more remote.
Back towards Istanbul lies the dockside town of Tuzla.
Here the picture for workers is very different. The trade
union Limter-Is is facing an enormous challenge. In stark
contrast to the conditions at Yücel Boru, in the vast sprawl
of the shipbuilding yards unions are shunned and workers
build and maintain cargo ships in dangerous and difficult
conditions.
One worker who walks this daily tightrope is 43 year-old
Hakki Demiral. Hakki is paid a daily rate of 35 million TRL
(€18.50), has no job security, receives no additional benefits
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