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and the ensuing evacuation.
In fact, 20 such accidents [i.e., those
involving difficult approaches] involving
large commercial operators have
occurred in the last five years. Furthermore,
a number of recent incidents,
with similar factors involved, clearly had
the potential for catastrophic results. If
this trend continues, the resultant risk
of loss of life and damage to property
will increase considerably. This is worrisome
because it is a clear indication
that, in spite of the efforts of all concerned,
and although we are learning
from these accidents or the experiences
of others, we seem unable to develop
adequate tools to mitigate this specific
risk. Some or all of the following
conditions were present in all of these
accidents:
»» The crews were on approach behind
or in front of other aircraft that were
landing or intending to land
»» A CB cloud or monsoon storm was
approaching or was over the landing
area at the time of landing
»» Heavy rainfall was occurring
»» The runway was contaminated by
water
Case Study—
Air France Flight 358
continued from page 1
Photos from TSBC accident report.
AFR358 on short final.
Weather at threshold about two minutes
before landing.
Reducing Incursions, Excursions, and Confusion 3
Air France Flight 358
continued from page 2
Lessons Learned
»» Make the decision to land independently of the experience of other
aircraft.
»» Maintain continual readiness to go around.
»» Know landing distances required for possible environmental conditions.
T h e I FALPA Pe r s p e c t i v e
o n S t a b i l i z e d A p p r o a c h e s
FA A I n f o r m a t i o n f o r O p e r a t o r s (InFO)
The following passage is an excerpt from Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) InFO
publication #08029, dated 05/16/08, entitled Approach and Landing Accident Reduction
(ALAR): Recommended Flightcrew Training. It deals with the topic of “go-arounds.”
SPECIAL NOTE: Proactive Go-Around Policy. The CAST [Commercial Aviation
Safety Team] and the NTSB found that the unwillingness of pilots to execute
a go-around and missed approach when necessary was the cause, at least in
part, of some approach and landing accidents. This unwillingness
may stem from direct or indirect pressures to sacrifice
safety in favor of other considerations, such as schedules or
costs. The FAA, ATA, and FSF training materials (paragraphs
A, B, and C, respectively) all stress the importance of a
corporate safety culture promoting a proactive go-around
policy.
See the whole InFO [link].
»» Poor braking action was either
reported by previous aircraft or was
experienced by the crew of the accident
aircraft
»» There was a strong crosswind, tailwind,
or combination of both
»» The aircraft deviated from the target
speed and glide slope on short final
»» There was a wind shear, perhaps
associated with downdrafts
»» A missed approach or balked landing
was not considered or attempted
The International Federation of Air Line Pilots’ Associations (IFALPA) is also
focused on the importance of maintaining a stabilized approach. Please see
the article entitled “Scoring in the Touchdown Zone” from the July–August
2008 edition of InterPilot magazine to learn the views of Captain Gavin McKellar,
the chairman of the IFALPA Accident Analysis and Prevention Committee.
»» The aircraft landed long
»» The after-touchdown actions by the
crews were non-standard
»» Most often present, the accident crew
members were subjected to sudden
reduced visibility, which they had not
anticipated or prepared for properly.
In spite of all the warning signs evidenced
by the above conditions, the
crews of the accident aircraft were
confident in their ability to perform a
safe landing. The decision to continue
Airbus Flight
Operations
Briefing Notes
Descent
Management
The following information is
contained within the Airbus Flight
Operations Briefing Notes (FOBN)
on “Descent Management – Being
Prepared for a Go-Around.”
Go-around below the minimums:
»» When the need for goaround
is identified, the
decision should not be
delayed.
»» Go-around can be decided
until the selection of the
reverse thrust.
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