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data and information. One of these is
engineering orders: ADs and SBs issued
by the OEMs and parts manufacturers to
airlines. These upgrade and modify parts
and systems, and are often used to
improve reliability and performance, but
may also be used to improve safety.
ADs and SBs are issued throughout
an aircraft’s period of manufacture and
several decades of operation that follow.
ADs and SBs alter the aircraft’s
configuration by replacing parts. Laterbuild
aircraft have these SBs and ADs
incorporated on the production line, and
so are not affected by particular ADs and
SBs. “Manufacturers supply a file of ADs
and SBs incorporated in an aircraft when
it is delivered so that engineering
departments know which aircraft are
affected. Engineering orders were issued
in paper format, but are now issued in
HTML format together with a picture of
the repair and modification required and
any other relevant diagrams,” explains
Reed. “The engineering order gets sent to
the engineering control module of our
TRAX system, and the engineer user
analyses whether the AD or SB is
mandatory or whether it should be done
on an economic basis. Steps are then
taken to create work packages to do the
work. TRAX creates task cards for
mechanics to do the modifications. An
electronic task card can be made from the
OEM’s manual that is already loaded into
the M&E IT system.”
Directives are analysed in reference to
what aircraft they affect by using the
aircraft configuration and part tracking
capability of the M&E IT system. “The
AD will specify what part serial numbers
are affected, and the IT system can trace
the part and serial number database in
the fleet, in inventory stock or in
maintenance to see which ones are
affected,” says Hughes. “AuRA will
follow all serial numbers affected in the
fleet until they have been modified. It also
follows any new parts purchased that are
affected by ADs or SBs. When task cards
are created to deal with an engineering
order, AuRA also takes information from
OEMs about what parts and tooling are
required to complete the modification.
The system also estimates how many MH
are required to complete the work and
which materials and skills are needed.
Diagrams from the OEM’s technical
manual can also be attached to the task
cards in AuRA, either on paper or indeed
as Frontier Airlines is considering, on a
wireless tablet computer or PDA online.
AuRA is saving Frontier considerable
downtime for mechanics and engineers
and improving productivity significantly
on the shopfloor.”
Dibble explains that data concerning
building task cards for SBs and ADs can
either be received electronically or entered
manually. “A task card for an AD or SB
will have FH and FC intervals and limits,
as well as estimates for MH, materials
and required tools. ADs often have repeat
inspection intervals, and the utilisation
counter in Impresa compares these repeat
intervals to the due maintenance events
so that planners can schedule them
accordingly.”
Besides identifying which parts and
aircraft are affected and generating task
cards to complete the engineering order,
IT systems also have to consider the time
and aircraft utilisation limits within
which the modifications have to be
completed. These limits are compared
with the maintenance schedule and due
maintenance events for each aircraft
affected. ADs and SBs are thus scheduled
with upcoming hangar checks if limits
permit, and unscheduled visits have to be
organised. The aircraft’s maintenance
schedule thus has to be incorporated into
the M&E IT system.
In addition to engineering orders,
another type of data supplied by OEMS
to operators and maintenance facilities
are aircraft maintenance schedules. A
maintenance schedule is essentially the
grouping of task cards into checks. These
task cards are scheduled items of
maintenance grouped with additional
unscheduled items. The maintenance
intervals for parts come together with the
component and part configuration data
that are supplied by the OEM. Reed
points out that while task cards are now
supplied by the OEMs in electronic
format, ad-hoc task cards and AD task
cards are generated by an airline’s own
engineering department. Task cards
written by an airline’s engineering
department have to be approved by the
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