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(6) There are no constraints on memory space or execution time, but efficient, well-structured code
with descriptive comments is preferred.
(7) In writing the subroutine, do not use any language-dependent software tools other than the Hull V
Pascal compiler.
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GLOSSARY
angle
An angle is formed by two rays which share a common endpoint called a vertex. If one ray is rotated
about the vertex until it coincides with the other ray, the amount of rotation required is the measure of
the angle. Three points can be used to determine an angle by drawing a ray from the second point
through the first point and another ray from the second point through the third point. Note that
different angles are described according to whether the ray is rotated clockwise or counterclockwise.
Either can be used in this problem because of the way the LIC’s are defined.
CMV
(Conditions Met Vector) The CMV is a boolean vector whose elements have a one-to-one
correspondence with the launch interceptor conditions. If the radar tracking data satisfy a certain
LIC, then the corresponding element of the CMV is to be set to true.
consecutive
Two points are consecutive if they are adjacent in the input data vectors X and Y. Thus (X[i],Y[i])
and (X[i+1],Y[i+1]) are adjacent.
diagonal element
Consider a matrix M, with n rows and n columns. The diagonal elements of the matrix are M[i,i] ,
where i=1,..,n.
FUV
(Final Unlocking Vector) The FUV is a boolean vector which is the basis for deciding whether to
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launch an interceptor. If all elements of the FUV are true, a launch should occur.
LCM
(Logical Connector Matrix) The LCM describes how individual LIC’s should be logically combined.
For example, the value of LCM[i,j] indicates whether LIC #i should combine with LIC #j by the
logical AND , OR , or not at all.
LIC
(Launch Interceptor Condition) If radar tracking data exhibit a certain combination of characteristics,
then an interceptor should be launched. Each characteristic is an LIC.
matrix
For purposes of this problem, a matrix can be considered to be a two-dimensional array.
off-diagonal element
An off-diagonal element of a matrix is any element which is not a diagonal element.
planar data points
Planar data points are points that are all located within the same plane.
PUM
(Preliminary Unlocking Matrix) Every element of the boolean PUM corresponds to an element of
the LCM. If the logical connection dictated by the LCM element gives the value "true", the
corresponding PUM element is to be set to true.
quadrant
The x and y axes of the Cartesian coordinate system divide a plane into four areas called quadrants.
They are labeled I, II, III, IV, beginning with the area where both coordinates are positive and
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numbering counterclockwise.
radius
The length of the radius of a circle is the distance from the center of the circle to any point on the
circle’s circumference.
ray
A ray is a straight line that extends from a point.
vector
For purposes of this problem, a vector may be considered to be a one-dimensional array.
vertex
When two rays originate from a common point to form an angle, the point of their origination is
called the vertex of that angle.
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REFERENCES
(1) L. Chen and A. Avizienis, ‘‘N-version programming: A fault-tolerance approach to reliability of
software operation,’’ Digest of Papers FTCS-8: Eighth Annual International Conference on Fault
Tolerant Computing, Toulouse, France, pp. 3-9, June 1978.
(2) C.V. Ramamoorthy, Y.R. Mok, E.B. Bastani, G.H. Chin, and K. Suzuki. ‘‘Application of a
methodology for the development and validation of reliable process control software,’’ IEEE Trans.
on Software Engineering, vol. SE-7, no. 6, pp. 537-555, Nov. 1981.
(3) J.P.J. Kelly, ‘‘Specification of Fault-Tolerant Multi-Version Software: Experimental Studies of a
Design Diversity Approach,’’ Ph.D. dissertation, University of California, Los Angeles, 1982.
(4) J.P.J. Kelly and A. Avizienis, ‘‘A specification-oriented multi-version software experiment,’’ Digest
of Papers FTCS-13: Thirteenth International Conference on Fault Tolerant Computing, Milan,
Italy, pp. 120-125, June 1983.
(5) T. Anderson and P.A. Lee, Fault Tolerance: Principles and Practice, Prentice Hall International,
1981.
(6) B. Bonnett, ‘‘Software in safety and security critical systems’’ (panel presentation), COMPCON 84,
Washington D.C., Sept. 1984. (transcription of the panel session available from Albert W. Friend,
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