曝光台 注意防骗
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regulations have a purpose.
They allow us to act with very
little information, since
everything is supposed to be
predictable, although that
doesn’t mean that rules should
blindly be obeyed - sometimes
breaking the rules saves lives -
the DC10 that had an engine
fall off during takeoff could
have kept flying if the nose had
been lowered a little for speed,
instead of being set at the
"standard" angle of 6°, as taught
on the simulator, which, in this
case, stalled the aeroplane (now
there's a little red light in the
cockpit that tells you when an
engine falls off). The opposite is
brainwashed.
· Invulnerability. People like this
think that nothing untoward can
happen to them, so they take
more risks, or push the
envelope – humility is the
antidote. Repetitive tasks must
be done as if they were new
every time, no matter how
tedious - you can guarantee that
the one time you don't check
for water in a fuel drum, it will
be there! The opposite is
paranoid.
Human Factors 267
· Macho people are afraid of
looking small and are always
subject to peer pressure, which
means they care a lot about
what other people think of
them, leading to the idea that
they have a very low opinion of
themselves. Thus, they take
unnecessary chances for
different reasons than so-called
Invulnerable people, above.
These are typically the highpowered
intimidating company
executives who have houses in
the middle of nowhere with no
navaids within miles of the
place. Such people may
subconsciously put themselves
in situations where they push
the weather to test their own
nerve. You have to learn to stick
up for yourself, with
management and passengers.
The opposite is wimp.
· Resignation. The opposite of
impulsive. The thought that
Allah will provide is all very
well, but the Lord only helps
those who help themselves –
you’ve got to do your bit too! If
you want the Lord to help you
win the lottery, you have to buy
the ticket first! The opposite is
compulsive.
As you can see when you compare
the opposites, each side of each coin
above is as bad as the other – we
should be somewhere in the middle,
with a possible slight bias towards
antiauthority.
One way of controlling hazardous
personality traits is to keep a hold on
the factors in this mnemonic:
Stress
Weather
Exposure To Risk
Aircraft
Time Constraints
Risk Management
One definition of risk is the chance
that a situation, or the consequences
of one, will be hazardous enough to
cause harm, injury or loss.
To have absolutely no risk, of
course, we shouldn't take off at all,
but we obviously can't do that, so we
have to have some method of
evaluating risk against some sort of
yardstick in order to get the job
done. Risk management is the key, best
used in an ample-time decisionmaking
situation.
For example, in a helicopter, it can
sometimes be more dangerous to
avoid the height/velocity curve (say
when coming out of a confined area)
than to be inside it for a few
seconds.
Risk management is a decisionmaking
tool that can be applied to
either eliminate risk, or reduce it to
an acceptable level. Things that stop
you eliminating risk entirely would
either be impracticality, or money.
With it, you have to first identify a
hazard, analyse any associated risks,
make a decision and implement it
(with a risk strategy) and monitor the
results, with a view to changing
things if need be. However, this
depends on the perception of a risk,
and the difference between yours,
the management's and the
customer's can be quite startling.
268 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
Outside influences include weather,
traffic and obstacles. Internal ones
can be maintenance, fatigue, or the
culture of the company.
Risk is equal to probability
multiplied by the consequences of
what you propose to do, and your
exposure. You essentially have four
choices – you can either not do the
job, mitigate the effects of the risk,
transfer it (buy insurance) or eat it.
You could always try and prehandle
situations – that is, make as many
decisions as possible ahead of time,
as part of your flight planning –
most important, though is to leave
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