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touching the water. Life preservers
must be carried within reach of each
person with seat belts fastened. The
Ops Manual must include passenger
ditching procedures and a
requirement to file a flight plan or
itinerary, and flights conducted over
water more than 15 minutes at
normal cruising speed from shore or
from a suitable aerodrome must be
capable of direct flight following
with radio.
Passengers in Single-Engined
Aircraft - 703.22/24
You may not carry over 9 passengers
in single-engined aeroplanes. You
can, however, in Transport Category
helicopters, if the pilot has passed a
single-engine PPC on one of the
single-engine types operated, and the
AOC contains authorisation.
Passengers may not be carried in
single-engine helicopters at night or
under IFR.
VFR Minimum Vis—
Uncontrolled Airspace -
702.17/722.17
You may not start a VFR flight
unless the weather reports indicate
that the conditions will allow it.
Aeroplanes
Obstacles must be seen and avoided.
To operate down to 1 mile in
uncontrolled airspace, you need an
artificial horizon, a DI or gyro
compass and a GPS, as per the
Flight Manual.
200 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
You must have at least 500 hours
Part VII (commercial) experience, or
the equivalent in the same category
and class of aeroplane. You must
also attend a PDM course every
three years.
You also need one hours’ initial and
annual recurrent training in basic
instrument manoeuvres and flight at
reduced airspeed with the use of all
equipment mentioned above, and in
all Ops Manual low visibility
procedures.
The Ops Manual must contain
information about minimum safe
speeds and configurations and other
considerations, such as wind,
weights, time of day,
communications, etc. There must
also be authorisation for reduced
visibility in the Operating Certificate.
Helicopters - 723.28
To go down to half a mile visibility
in uncontrolled airspace, you must
fly at a speed that allows obstacles to
be seen and avoided. You also need
at least 500 hours (commercial) PIC ,
but, otherwise, the conditions are as
above.
Night, VFR OTT and IFR (OTT)
You can do this in the cruise by day
if you are at least 1,000 feet vertically
from cloud, or have a vertical
distance between layers of at least
5,000 feet, with over 5 miles visibility
and the weather at the destination is
forecast for scattered cloud or clear
and visibility of at least 5 miles with
no precipitation, fog, thunderstorms
or blowing snow from 1 hour before
to 2 hours after ETA if you rely on a
TAF. Otherwise, the after ETA time
increases to 3 hrs.
The rating needs to be specially
endorsed on aeroplane PPLs. RPP
holders may not do this.
Single-engine aircraft VFR at night
or IFR – Passenger Transport
Only in factory built, turbinepowered
aeroplanes with an engine
MTBF of 0.01/1,000 or less
established over 100,000 hours in
service. You may not fly over
Designated Mountainous Regions 1
and 5 and you must be properly
trained. If a foreign aircraft, you
must be authorised by your State.
Aeroplane Equipment
Two attitude indicators, powered
separately and independently, two
independent power generating
sources, each capable of sustaining
essential flight instruments and
electrical equipment, an auto-ignition
system, or a specification in the Ops
Manual that continuous ignition
must be ON for take-off, landing
and flight in heavy precipitation, a
chip detector system for excessive
ferrous material in the engine
lubrication system, a radar altimeter
and a manual throttle which
bypasses the FCU if it fails.
1,000' OTT IFR
Not allowed in Class A or B
airspace, but in Class C or D, you
must be at least 1,000 feet above
cloud, haze or other phenomena that
has a well-defined top, with at least 3
sm visibility and maintain the
appropriate cruising altitude, as well
being authorised by ATC.
Fuel Requirements – 602.88
This Section does not apply to
gliders, balloons or ultra-lights.
Air Law 201
VFR
In an aeroplane, you must have
enough fuel to get to the destination
and fly for 30 minutes at normal
cruising speed (45 minutes at night).
For helicopters, and you must be
able to fly for 20 minutes at normal
cruising speed after reaching your
destination.
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