曝光台 注意防骗
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authority, so there's no separation.
Uncontrolled Airspace
Consists of high and low level air
routes, restricted airspace, advisory
airspace, military operations areas
and danger areas, plus the bits
underneath the Northern and Arctic
Control areas. Uncontrolled airspace
is G, F Special Use Restricted, F Special
Use Advisory.
The dimensions of the above are in
the Designated Airspace Handbook, as
are air defence identification zones,
altimeter setting regions, standard
pressure regions, mountainous
regions, holding points, reporting
points, intersections, control towers,
military TCAs, flight information
regions, etc., etc.
Air Routes
Low level airways exist between 2200
and 17,999 feet. Air routes are the
same size, but are in controlled
airspace and start at the surface.
The dimensions depend on the
reliability of signal coverage. VHF
airways (that is, defined by VORs)
are 4 nm wide either side of the
centreline, increasing outwards to
where the 4 ½° lines cross the width.
For LF/MF airways (using NDBs),
substitute 4.34 and 5°: Air Routes
are known by two letters and a
number, such as RR3, or RB4.
216 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
Airways have one letter and a
number (G1). The letter usually
represents a colour, either Green or
Red (East-West) or Blue and Amber
(North-South).
VFR Flight in Class A Airspace
You must be authorised by
Transport Canada, and the operation
must be in the public interest and
not likely to affect aviation safety.
VFR Flight in Class B Airspace
You must be authorised by ATC, or
Transport Canada. The operation
must be in the public interest and
not likely to affect aviation safety.
If you cannot maintain VMC as
cleared, you must request Special
VFR (in a control zone), or an
amended clearance to maintain
VMC, or go IFR. Once outside a
control zone, you cannot continue
with Special VFR minima, but must
revert to 1 sm visibility and remain
clear of cloud, in the case of a
helicopter, for example (Special VFR
limits are half a mile visibility and
clear of cloud).
VFR Flight in Class C & D Airspace
You must have clearance before
entering Class C airspace, but you
merely need to establish two-way
communication for Class D. If you
can’t maintain two-way
communication, you may still enter,
during daylight in VMC, if you get
clearance first.
Class C and D airspace become
Class E when ATC is not in
operation.
Operating Restrictions and
Hazards - 601/621
Forest Fires
Not below 3000 feet within 5 nm, or
in any airspace in a relevant
NOTAM, unless operating with an
appropriate fire control authority,
and Transport Canada performing
normal duties.
Marking and Lighting of Hazards
A building, structure or object,
including one of natural growth, that
is hazardous to aviation safety
because of height and location must
be marked and lit under the Standards
Obstruction Markings Manual.
Aircraft Icing - 602.11
You may not attempt to take-off in
an aircraft with frost, ice or snow on
any of its critical surfaces, unless
frost under the wings has been
caused by cold-soaked fuel, and the
manufacturer's instructions for those
conditions have been obeyed.
If frost, ice or snow may reasonably
be expected to stick to the aircraft,
you may not attempt to take-off
unless it has been inspected
immediately beforehand, or under an
authorised inspection program (the
latter is required for airlines). The
Air Law 217
inspection must be performed by
either the PIC, a designated crew
member or someone who has passed
an aircraft surface contamination
training program.
Crew members must immediately
report frost, ice or snow on the
wings or rotors to the PIC, who
must ensure they are inspected
before take-off.
Before an aircraft is de-iced or antiiced,
the PIC must ensure that crew
members and passengers are
informed.
Altimeters - Setting and
Operating
Altimeter-setting Region - 602.35
The same dimensions as the SDA.
Just before taking off, all altimeters
must use the setting or elevation of
the nearest station. In the cruise, you
must use the nearest station along
the route or nearby, if they are more
than 150 nm apart. The destination
setting must be used just before
commencing descent.
Standard Pressure Region - 602.36
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