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all turns to the left inside the traffic
circuit, except when otherwise
specified in the CFS or by ATC. You
must also land and take off into the
wind, where practicable, unless
otherwise authorized by ATC. You
must maintain a continuous listening
watch on the appropriate frequency,
or keep a watch for visual
instructions from ATC.
Controlled Aerodromes
You must get clearance from ATC
to taxi, take off or land. Unless
authorized by them , you may not fly
below 2,000 feet over an aerodrome
except when landing or taking off, or
you are in the service of a police
authority, are saving human life, on
fire-fighting or air ambulance
operations, administration of the
Fisheries or Coastal Fisheries Protection
Act, administration of national or
provincial parks, flight inspection,
aerial application or inspection,
highway or city traffic patrol, aerial
photography conducted under an
AOC, helicopter external loads, or
flight training.
Uncontrolled Aerodromes
These have no control tower, or
have one that is closed. They use a
common frequency so that all
aircraft using it can keep track of
what's going on and broadcast their
intentions to other traffic.
Direct your call to a station or
broadcast to local traffic if nobody
answers, and keep listening out.
maintain noise abatement
procedures as per the CFS.
Broadcast your departure intentions
before moving on to the runway.
Afterwards, monitor the frequency
until well clear, normally 5-10 nm,
keeping a lookout for aircraft
entering downwind.
On arrival, report position and
altitude, intentions and ETA well
beforehand. Report joining the
Air Law 195
circuit, and do so from the upwind
side, turning crosswind across the
runway then downwind at 1,000 feet
AGL. Alternatively, join straight in
downwind at circuit height. If you
need to check the wind and runway
condition from the overhead, do so
well above circuit height and
complete the letdown on the upwind
side. Don't forget to report on finals
and when clear.
Helicopters should avoid low flying
and taxying across runways and
manoeuvring areas if there is a risk
of collision. Also, try not to blow
dust, sand or gravel around with
your downwash.
Mandatory Frequency (MF)
One is assigned to some
uncontrolled airports, and must be
used for all transmissions with its
area of coverage. It's usually found at
airports with an FSS.
Aerodrome Traffic Frequency (ATF)
Used for airfields that don't meet the
specs for an MF. If no Unicom
exists, the ATF will be 123.2.
VFR and IFR within MF Area - 602.97
Normally, you must have suitable
radio equipment, and maintain a
listening watch on the specified
frequency, but if a ground station is
in operation, you can give prior
notice, if you ensure there is no
likelihood of collision, and you enter
the circuit from where you can
complete two sides of a rectangular
circuit before turning onto finals.
General MF Requirements - 602.98
Reports must be made on the MF to
the ground station with it, or
broadcast, if a ground station is not
in operation.
Before Entering Manoeuvring
Area - 602.99
Report your intentions
beforehand.
On Departure - 602.100
Before moving onto the takeoff
surface, report your
departure intentions, ensure
there is no likelihood of
collision with another aircraft or
a vehicle during take-off, and
report departing the circuit.
On Arrival - 602.101
If you are VFR, you must report
at least 5 minutes before
entering the MF area, giving
your position, altitude,
estimated time of landing and
arrival intentions. You must also
report downwind, on finals and
clear of the landing surface.
Continuous Circuits - 602.102
You must report joining
downwind, on finals (stating
intentions) and when clear of
the landing surface.
Flying through an MF Area -
602.103
You must report at least 5
minutes before entering the
area, giving position, altitude,
estimated time of landing,
intentions, and when clear.
Controlled Airports
2-way radio communications are
normally required. Where ATIS is
available, you should take the details
before transmitting, and inform
ATC what version you have, so they
196 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
know whether you're up to date.
ATIS (Automatic Terminal Information
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