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opportunities to "hangar fly" as the
Americans say, so experience is not
being passed on. In fact, even if you
operate out in the bush, you might
see some of your colleagues at the
training sessions at the start of the
season, and not see them till the end.
One accident which illustrates the
need for CRM training was a
Lockheed 1011 that flew into the
Florida Everglades. A problem
involving the nosewheel occupied
the attention of all three members of
the crew so much that they lost the
big picture, and the aircraft ended up
in the swamp. It was concluded that
the commander should have ensured
that someone was monitoring the
situation, and should have delegated
tasks accordingly. But was a
"mistake" actually made? Nobody
pushed the wrong switches or
carried out the "wrong" actions – it
was maybe just a wrong decision.
A contribution to the Kegworth
accident in UK, where the plane
ended up on the motorway, was the
inability of the cabin crews to feel
they were able to talk to the flight
deck if they saw a problem, which
puts the problem fairly and squarely
at the door of the Company, or at
least the management. Also, a
reading of the accident report on the
Air Florida flight that hit a bridge
and ended up in the Potomac would
be instructive—the FO was clearly
sure that something was wrong
(icing) but didn't like to say so.
In short, Crew Resource Management
(CRM) is the effective utilisation of
all available resources (e.g. crew
members, aeroplane systems and
supporting facilities) to achieve safe
and efficient operation - the idea is
to enhance your communication and
management skills in order to
achieve this. In other words, the
238 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
emphasis is placed on the nontechnical
aspects of flight crew
performance (the so-called softer
skills) which are also needed to do
your job properly. As we said before,
you could loosely call it airmanship,
but I prefer to use the term
Captaincy, as flying is a lot more
complex now than when the original
term was more appropriate.
The elusive quality of Captaincy is
probably best illustrated with an
example, such as the subject of the
Critical Point. If you can think back
to your pilot’s exams, you will recall
that it is a position where it takes as
much time to go to your destination
as it does to return to where you
came from, so you can deal with
emergencies in the quickest time.
In a typical pilot’s exam, you will be
given the departure and destination
points, the wind velocity and other
relevant information and be asked to
calculate the CP along with the PNR
(Point of No Return), which is alright
as far as it goes, but tells you nothing
about your qualities as a Captain,
however much it may demonstrate
your technical abilities as a pilot.
Now take the same question, but
introduce the scenario of a flight
across the Atlantic, during which you
are tapped on the shoulder by a
hostess who tells you that a
passenger has got appendicitis. First
of all, you have to know that you
need the CP, which is given to you
already in the previous question.
Then you find out that you are only
5 minutes away – technically, you
should turn back, but is that really
such a good decision? (Actually, it
might be, since it will take a few
minutes to turn around).
Commercially, it would be
disastrous, and here you find the
difference between being a pilot and
a Captain, or the men and the boys,
and why CRM training is becoming
so important.
A Captain is therefore supposed to
exhibit qualities of loyalty to those
above and below, courage, initiative
and integrity, which are all part of
the right personality – people have
to trust you. This, unfortunately,
means being patient and cheerful
under the most trying of
circumstances, and even changing
your own personality to provide
harmony within the crew, since it's
the objective of the whole crew to
get the passengers to their
destination safely.
With regard to outside agencies, as
single crew, there is only you in your
cockpit, but you still have to talk to
passengers and others in your
organisation, and we all work in the
Air Transport Industry. It just
happens that your company is paying
your wages at the moment—in this
context, the word "crew" includes
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