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of a full time FSS specialist. When
communicating with one, you will
actually be talking to a specialist in a
larger airfield somewhere else.
Where the distance is long, the
comms link might be a telephone
line, as found in a Dial-Up Remote
Communications Outlet (DRCO).
To activate it, press the radio
transmit button 4 times, with not
more than 1 second between
presses. You should hear the normal
sounds of a telephone call being
established. Then a plastic voice will
say "link established", after which
you treat it as a normal radio
conversation, with some delays
between responses. The plastic voice
will say "call terminated" when you
disconnect.
You can get Flight Information Service
Enroute (FISE) on the enroute
frequency and RAAS on the MF.
Clearances, Instructions, etc
You must comply with any clearance
received and acknowledged. If you
don't like it, you should say so at the
time, since an acknowledgement
without further comment is taken as
such. Clearances are valid only in
controlled airspace, and there will be
some form of the word "clear" in the
text to help identify them.
You must also comply with
instructions in the same way, unless
aircraft safety is a factor. An
instruction will be readily
identifiable, but the word "instruct"
may not be included.
Control is based on known traffic only,
so you are still responsible for safe
procedures and good judgement.
Any information about flight
conditions are meant as assistance or
reminders.
Approach Clearances
When direct controller-pilot
communications (DCCP) are active,
ATC will normally advise pilots of
the ceiling, visibility, wind, runway,
altimeter setting, approach aids and
conditions, etc. immediately before
or after descent clearance is given. If
you tell them you have the current
ATIS, they will only give you the
altimeter setting.
When you get clearance for an
approach, its name will indicate the
type of approach if you are required
to stick to a particular procedure. If
you get visual reference with the
228 Canadian Private Pilot Studies
ground before completing it, you
should carry on with it unless cleared
otherwise. If you will be given
another runway than that in the
approach, the runway number will
be given in the clearance as well (in
this case, if you have to go around,
use the missed approach procedure
for the original runway, not the
landing one).
Radar Services
Radar allows the best use of airspace
by reducing separation between
aircraft, and the provision of
information, such as traffic and
weather. If SSR is available without
primary radar, it will not be possible
to detect all aircraft.
ATC know which aircraft they are
talking to by position reports,
identifying turns or transponders.
You will be told of any change in the
identification status. However, radar
identification doesn't stop you being
responsible for the disposition of
your aircraft, including collision
avoidance and obstacle clearance,
although ATC accept responsibility
for the latter when vectoring IFR
and CVFR flights enroute and IFR
ones on approach until within the
final approach area.
Radar Vectoring
This is used when separation is
necessary, for noise abatement,
when requested or if an advantage
would be gained operationally. You
will be told where you are being
vectored to, and when it stops, but
this can be assumed if you are bound
for a final approach or traffic circuit
and are given clearance.
Otherwise, it continues until you
leave the coverage area, go into
controlled airspace or are transferred
to a unit that doesn't have radar.
The minimum radar vectoring altitude is
the lowest that still clears obstacles
and is used to make the transition to
an approach easier, but it may be
lower than the minimum altitudes
shown on your chart. If you are
cleared to a lower altitude, ATC will
be responsible for obstacle clearance
until you are in a position to start an
approach.
Visual Climb and Descent
If you are being vectored and can
see where you are going (that is, you
can avoid obstacles yourself and
maintain visual reference), you can
request permission to climb or
descend visually, which may allow
you a more direct track. Of course,
this means that the responsibility for
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