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4.5.1.3.3 Supplementary active interrogations. In order LO ensure that an intruder's track is updated at least as
frequently as required in the absence of extended squitter data (4.3.7.1.2.21, each time a track is updated using squitter
information the time at which an active interrogation would next be required shall be calculated. An active interrogation
shall be made at that time if a further squitter has not been received before the interrogation is due.
4.5.1.4 Revalidation and nzonitoring. If the following condition is met for a track being updated using passive
surveillance data:
a) la1 < 10 000 ft and either;
b) la1 5 3 000 ft or la - 3 000 ftl / la Is 60 s; or
C) r 2 3 NM or (r- 3 NM)/lrl 160 s;
where: a = intruder altitude separation in f
a = altitude rate estimate in ftls
r = intruder slant range in NM
r = range rate estimate in NMIs
Chapter 4 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommurzications
an active interrogation shall be madc every 10 seconds to continuously revalidate and monitor the extcnded squitter data
for as long as the above condition is met. The tests required in 4.5.1.3.1 shall be performed for each active surveillance.
If any of these tests fail, rhc track shall be declared an active track.
4.5.1.5 Full active surveillance. I f the following condition js met for a track being updated via passive surveillance
data:
a) la1 I 10 000 ft and both;
b) la1 2 3 000 ft or la - 3 000 ftl I la 1 5 60 s; and
where: a = intruder altitude separation in ft
u = altitude rate estimate in fWs
r = intruder slant range in NM
; = range rate estimate in NMfs
the aircraft shall be declared an active track and shall be updated on active range measurements once per second for as
long as the above condition is met.
4.5.2 ACAS operation with an improved receiver MTL
Note.- Applications of extended squitter that are independent of ACAS rnight be implemented (for convenience) using
the ACAS receiver: The use of an improved receiver minimurrr triggering level (MTL) will make it possible to receive
extended squitters fronz ranges of up to 60 NM and beyon,d in support of such applicatiorzs.
4.5.2+1 An ACAS operating with a receiver having a MTL more sensitive than -74 dBm shall implement the
capabilities specified in the following paragraphs.
4.5.2.2 Dual minimum triggering levels. The ACAS receiver shall be capable of selting an indication for each squitter
reception as to whether Lhe reply would have been detected by an ACAS operating with a conventional MTTL (-74 dBm).
Squitter receptions received at the conventional MTL shall be passed to the ACAS surveillance function for further
processing. Squitter receptions that do not meet this condition shall be not be passed to the ACAS surveillance function.
Note I.- Extended squitters containing position report information will be dissenzi~zatedford isplay in connection with
an extended squitter application.
Note 2.- Use of the conventio~zal MTL for the ACAS surveillance function preserves the current operation of ACAS
surveillance when operating with a receiver with an improved MTL.
4.5.2.3 Dual or re-triggerable reply processor: The ACAS Mode S reply processing function shall:
a) usc separate reply processors for Mode S reply formats received at or above the conventional MTL and a separate
reply processor for Mode S reply formats rcccived below the conventional MTL; or,
b) use a Mode S reply processor that will re-trigger if it detects a Mode S preamble that is 2 to 3 dB stronger than the
reply that is currently being processed.
Note.- Care must be taken to ensure that low-level squitters (i.e. those below the conventional MTL) do not interjere
with the processing of ucquisition squitters for ACAS. This could happen if the low-level squitter is allowed to capture the
reply processor This can be prevented by using a separate reply processor for each function, or by requiring the reply
processor to be re-triggered by a higher level squitter
ATTACHMENT TO VOLUME PV
Guidance material related to
airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS)
Note 1.- The following material is intended to provide Mode C or Mnde S-equipped aircraft that do not have an
guidance concerning the technical chamcteristics of the automatic altitude reporting capability. The information
airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS) having vertical conveyed in ACAS TAs is intended to assist the flight crew in
resolution capabili~(A CAS II, unless stated otherwise). ACAS sighting nearby traffic.
SARPs are contained in Chapter 4.
Note 2.- Non-SI alternative units are used as permitted by
Annex 5, Chapter 3, Section 3.2.2. In limited cases. to ensure 1.2.2 RESOLUTION ADVISORIES
consistency at the level of the logic calculations, units such as
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