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e) radio altitude.
Note.- Specijic requirements fox additional inputs for ACAS I1 and III are listed in the appropriate sections below.
4.3.9.2 Aircraft antenna system. ACAS shall transmit interrogations and receive replies via two antennas, one
mounted on the top of the aircraft and the other on the bottom of the aircraft. The top-mounted antenna shall be directional
and capable of being used for direction finding.
4.3.9.2.1 Polarization. Polarization of ACAS transmissions shall be nominally vertical.
4.3.9.2.2 Radiation pattern The radiation pattern in elevation of each antenna when installed on an aircraft shall be
nominally equivalent to that of a quarter-wave monopole on a ground plane.
4.3.9.2.3 ANTWVlVA SELECTION
4.3.9.2.3.1 Squitter reception. ACAS shall be capable of receiving squitters via the top and bottom anlennas.
4.3.9.2.3.2 Interrogations. ACAS interrogations shall not be transmitted simultaneously on both antennas.
4.3.9.3 Pressure altitude source. The altitude data for own aircraft provided to ACAS shall be obtained from the
source that provides the basis for own Mode C or Mode S reports and they shall be provided at the finest quantization
available.
4.3.9.3.1 Recommendation.- A source providing a resolutionjiner than 7.62 m (25ft) should be used.
4.3.9.3.2 Where a source providing a resolution finer than 7.62 m (25 ft) is not available, and the only altitude data
available for own aircraft is Gilham encoded, at least two independent sources shall be used and compared continuously
in order to detect encoding errors.
4.3.9.3.3 Recommendation.- Two altitude data sources should be used and compared in order to detect errors
before provision to ACAS.
4.3.9.3.4 The provisions of 4.3.10.3 shall apply when the comparison of the two altitude data sources indicates that
one of the sources is in error.
4.3.10 Monitoring
4.3.10.1 Monitoringfunction. ACAS shall continuously perform a monitoring function in order to provide a warning
if any of the following conditions at least are satisfied:
a) there is no interrogation power limiting due to interference control (4.3.2.2.2) and the maximum radiated power is
reduced to less than that necessary to satisfy the surveillance requirements specified in 4.3.2; or
b) any other failure in the equipment is detected which results in a reduced capability of providing TAs or RAs; or
c) data from external sources indispensable for ACAS operation are not provided, or the data provided are not
credible.
4.3.10.2 EfSEct on ACAS operation. The ACAS monitoring function shall not adversely affect other ACAS
functions.
Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications Volume N
4.3.10.3 Monitoring response. When the monitoring function detects a failure (4.3.10.1), ACAS shall:
a) indicate to the flight crew that an abnormal condition exists;
b) prevent any further ACAS interrogations; and
c) cause any Mode S transmission containing own aircraft's resoll~tinn capahility to indicate that ACAS is not
operating.
4.3.11 Requirements for a Mode S transponder
used in conjunction with ACAS
4.3.1 1.1 Transponder capabilities. In addition to the minimum transponder capabilities defined in Chapter 3, 3.1, the
Mode S trnnspondcr used in conjunction with ACAS shall have the following capabilitics:
a) ability to handle the following formats:
Format No. Format nume
UF = 16 Long air-air surveillance interrogation
DF = 16 Long air-air surveillance reply
b) ability to receive long Mode S interrogations (UF = 16) and generate long Mode S replies (DF = 16) at a continuous
rate of 16.6 ms (60 per second);
C) means for delivering the ACAS data content of all accepted interrogations addressed to the ACAS equipment;
d) antenna diversity (as specified in Chapter 3, 3.1.2.10.4);
e) mutual suppression capability; and
f) inactive state transponder output power restriction.
When the Mode S transponder transmitter is in the inactive state, the peak pulse power at 1 090 MHz +3 MHz at the
terminals of the Mode S transponder antenna shall not exceed -70 dBm.
4.3.11.2 DATA TRANSFER BETWEEN ACAS AND ITS MODE S TRANSPONDER
4.3.1 1.2.1 Data rrunsfer from ACAS to irs Mode S transponder:
a) The Mode S transponder shall receive from its ACAS RA information for transmission in an RA report
(4.3.8.4.2.2.1) and in a coordination reply (4.3.8.4.2.4.2);
b) the Mode S transponder shall receive from its ACAS current sensitivity level for transmission in a sensitivity level
report (4.3.8.1.2.5);
C) the Mode S transponder shall receive from its ACAS capability information for transmission in a data link capability
report (4.3.8.4.2.2.2) and for transmission in the RI field of air-air downlink formats DF = 0 and DF= 16
(4.3.8.4.1.2); and
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