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Mode A/C as)~nchronous reply rate from transponders in the vicinity of the ACAS aircraft is 240 replies per second and
when the peak interrogation rate received by the individual transponders under surveillance is 500 per second.
Quadrant
Note.- The peak interrogation rate mentioned above includes interrogations from all sources.
Maximum trmc densiry
aircrafd aircraJd
km2 NM2
0.087 0.30
0.017 0.06
Forward
4.3.2.1.2 False track probability. Thc probability that an established Mode AIC track docs not correspond in range
and altitude, if reported, to an actual aircraft shall be lcss than lo-'. For an established Mode S track this probability shall
be less than lo6. These limits shall not be excccded in any traffic environment.
Maimum number
of other ACAS
within 56 km
(30 NM)
30
30
4.3.2.1.3 RANGE AND BEARING ACCURACY
Side
4.3.2.1.3.1 Range shall be measured with a resolution of 14.5 rn (11128 NM) or better.
Back
Maximum closing speed
m/s kt m/s kt rn'q kt
4.3.2.1.3.2 Recommendation.- The errors in the relative bearings o f the estimated positions of intruders should not
exceed 10 degrees rms.
260 500
620 1 200
Note.- This accuracy in the relutive beuring of intruders is practicable and sufJicient as an aid to the visual
acquisition of potential threats. In addition, such relative bearing information has beenfound useful in threat detection,
where it can indicate that an intruder is a threat. However; this accuracy is not sufficient as a basis for horizontal RAs,
nor is if alficient for reliable predictions of horizontal miss distance.
4.3.2.2 INTERFERENCE CONTROL
150 300
390 750
4.3.2.2.1 Maximum radiated RF powel: The effective radiated power of an ACAS trtmsrnission at 0 degree elevation
relative to the longitudinal axis of the aircraft shall not exceed 27 dBW.
93 180
220 430
4.3.2.2.1.1 Unwanted radiated power: When ACAS is not transmitting an interrogation, the effective radiated power
in any direction shall not exceed -70 dBm.
4.3.2.2.2 lnteiference linziting. Each ACAS interrogalor operating bclow a pressure altitudc of 5 490 m (18 000 ft)
shall control ils interro,oatjon rate or power or both so as to conform with specific inequalities (4.3.2.2.2.2).
Chapter 4 Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications
4.3.2.2.2.1 Determination of the number of other ACAS. ACAS shall count the number of other ACAS I1 and 111
interrogators in the vicinity to ensure that the interference limits are met. This count shall be obtained by monitoring
ACAS broadcasts (UF = 16), (4.3.7.1.2.4). Each ACAS shall monitor such broadcast interrogations to determine the
number of other ACAS within detection range.
4.3.2.2.2.2 ACAS interference limiting inequalities. ACAS shall adjust its interrogation rate and interrogation power
such that the following three inequalities remain true, except as provided in 4.3.2.2.2.2.1.
i b ( i ) [%I a ) < minimum [- 280 -1 11
1 + n,'$ ; = I
The variables in these inequalities shall be defined as follows:
it = number of interrogations (Mode AIC and Mode S) transmitted in a 1 s interrogation cycle;
i = index number for Mode A/C and Mode S interrogations, i = 1, 2, ..., it;
cr. = the minimum of a, calculated as 114 [ndn,] subject to the special conditions given below and a2 calculated
as Loglo [ndnb] / LoglO 25, where nb and n, are defined as the number of operating ACAS I1 and ACAS
111 equipped aircraft (airborne or on the ground) within 11.2 km (6 NM) and 5.6 km (3 NM) respectively,
of own ACAS (based on ACAS surveillance). ACAS aircraft operating at or below a radio altitude of 610
m (2 000 ft) AGL shall include both airborne and on-ground ACAS I1 and ACAS I11 aircraft in the value
for nb and n,. Otherwise, ACAS shall include only airborne ACAS TJ and ACAS IJI aircraft in the value
for nb and n,. The value of a is further constrained to a minimum of 0.5 and a maximum of 1.0.
In addition:
IF [(nb 5 I) OR (nb > 4n,) OR (nb 5 4 AND n, < 2 AND n, > 25)J THEN al = 1.0,
IF [(n, > 2) AND (nb > 2 n, ) AND (n, < 40)J TIEN a1 = 0.5;
p(i) = peak power radiated from the antenna in all directions of the pulse having the largest amplitude in the
group of pulses comprising a single interrogation during the ith interrogation in a I s interrogation
cycle, W,
m(i) = duration of the mutual suppression interval for own transponder associated with the ith interrogation in a
1 s interrogation cycle, s;
B = beam sharpening factor (ratio of 3 dB beam width to beamwidth resulting from interrogation side-lobe
suppression). For ACAS interrogators that employ transmitter side-lobe suppression (SLS), the appropriate
beamwidth shall be the extent in azimuth angle of the Mode A/C replies from one transponder as limited
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