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2.1.6 SSR Mode S address (aircraft address)
l'he SSR Mode S address shall be one of 16 777 214 twenty-four-bit aircraft addresses allocated by ICAO to the State of
Rcgistry or common mark registering authority and assigned as prescribed in 3.1.2.4.1.2.3.1.1 and the Appendix to
Chapter 9, Part I, Volume 111, Annex 10.
2.2 HUMAN FACTORS CONSIDERATIONS
Recommendation.- Himan Factors principles should be observed in the design and certification of surveillance radar
and collision avoidance systems.
Note.- Guidance material on Human Factors principles can he found in Doc 9683, Human Factors Training Manual
and Circular 249 (Hurr~w Factors Digest No. I 1 - Hurrlan Factors i l l CNSIATM Systems).
CHAPTER 3. SURVEILLANCE RADAR SYSTEMS
3.1 SECONDARY SURVEILLANCE RADAR (SSR) SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS
Note 1.- Section 3.1.1 prescribes the technical characteristics of SSR systems having only Mode A and Mode C
capabilities. Section 3.1.2 prescribes the characteristics o f systems with Mode S capabilities.
Note 2.- Systems using Mode S capabilities are getrerally used for air traffic control surveillance systems. In addition,
certain ATC applications may use Mode S emitters, e.g. for vehicle sudace surveillartce or forfied target detection on
surveillance systems. Under such spec~pcc onditions, the term "aircrafi" can be understood as "aircraft or vehicle (AN)".
While those applications may use a limited set of data, any deviation from standard physical characreristics must be
considered very carefully by the appropriate authorities. They must take into account not only their own surveillance (SSR)
environment but also possible eflects on other- systems like ACAS.
Note 3.- Nun-Standard-International alternative units are used as permitted by Annex 5, Chapter 3, 3.2.2.
3.1.1 Systems having only Mode A and Mode C capabilities
Note 1.- In this section, SSR modes are designated by letters A and C. Sufixed letters, e.g. A2, C4, are used to
designate the individual pulses used in the uir-to-ground pulse trains. This common use of letters is not to be construed
us implying any particular association of modes and codes.
Note 2.- Provisions for the recording and retention of radar data arc contained in Annex I I , Chapter 6.
3.1.1.1 INTERROGATAINODN C ONTROL (INTERROGATION SIDE-LOBE SUPPRESSION)
RADIO FREQUENCIES (GROUND-TO-AIR)
3.1.1.1.1 The carrier frequency of the interrogation and control transmissions shall be 1 030 MHz.
3.1.1.1.2 The frequency tolerance shall be plus or minus 0.2 MHz.
3.1.1.1.3 The carrier frequencies of the control transrnission and of each of the interrogalivn pulse transmissions shall
not differ from each other by more than 0.2 MHz.
3.1.1.2 REPLY CARRlER FREQUENCY (AIR-TO-GROUND)
3.1.1.2.1 The carrier frequency of the reply transmission shall be 1 090 MHz.
3.1.1.2.2 The frequency tolerance shall be plus or minus 3 MHz.
Polarization of the interrogation, control and reply transmissions shall be predominantly vertical.
3.1.1.4 INTERROGATION MODES (SIGNALS-IN-SPACE)
3.1.1.4.1 The interrogation shall consist of two transmitted pulses designated PI and P3. A control pulse P2 shall be
transmitted following the first interrogation pulse PI.
ANNEX 10 - VOLUME IV 3-1 28/11/02
Annex 10 - Aeronautical Telecommunications Volume IV
3.1.1.4.2 Interrogation Modes A and C shall be as dclined in 3.1.1.4.3
3.1.1.4.3 The interval between PI and P3 shall deterrr~irle the mode of interrogation and shall be as follows:
Mode A 8 r0.2 microseconds
Modc C 21 +0.2 microseconds
3.1.1.4.4 The interval between PI and P2 shall be 2.0 plus or minus 0.15 microseconds.
3.1.1.4.5 The duration of pulses P1,P z and Pj shall be 0.8 plus or minus 0.1 rnicrosccond.
3.1.1.4.6 The risc time of pulses P,, P, and P, shall be between 0.05 and 0.1 microsecond.
Note 1.- The definitions are contained in Figure 3-1 "Definitio~zr of secondary surveillan,ce radar waveform shapes,
intervals and the reference point for sensitivity and power".
Note 2.- The intent of the lower limit of rise time (0.05 tr~icrosecond)is to reduce sideband radiation. Equipment
will meet this requirement i f the sideband radiation is rzo greater than that which, theoretically, would be produced by
a trapezoidal wave having the stated rise time.
3.1.1.4.7 The decay time of pulses P1, P2 and P3 shall be betwecn 0.05 and 0.2 microsecond
Note.- The intent of the lower limit of decay time (0.05 microsecond) is to reduce sideband radiation. Equipment will
tnect this requiremerrt the sideband radiation is no greater than rhar which, theoretically, would be produced by a
trupezordal wave havirzg the stated decay time.
3.1.1.5 INTERROGATOR AND CONTROL TRANSMlSSlON CHARACTERISTICS
(INTERROGATION SIDE-LOBE SUPPRESSION - SIGNALS-IN-SPACE)
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