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Volume IV
Surveillance Radar and
Collision Avoidance Systems
This edition incorporates all amendments
adopted by the Council prior to 28 February 2002
and supersedes, on 28 November 2002, all
previous editions of Annex 10, Volume IV.
For information regarding the applicability
of the Standards and Recommended
Practices, see Foreword.
Third Edition
July 2002
International Civil Aviation Organization
AMENDMENTS
The issue of amendments is announced regularly in the ICAO Journal and in the
monthly Supplenlent to the Catalogue of ICAO Publications and Audio-visual
Training Aids, which holders of this publication should consult. The space below
is provided to keep a record of such amendments.
RECORD OF AMENDMENTS AND CORRIGENDA
(ii)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Foreword . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (v)
Chapter 1 . Definitions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1-1
Chapter 2 . General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.1 Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) . . . . . . . . . 2-1
2.2 Human Factors considerations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2-6
Chapter 3 . Surveillance radar systems . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
3.1 Secondary surveillance radar (SSR) system
characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3-1
Appendix to Chapter 3 . SSR automatic pressure altitude
transmission code (pulse position assignment) . . . . . . . 3-73
Chapter 4 . Airborne collision avoidance system . . . . 4-1
Page
4.1 Definitions relaiing to airborne
collision avoidance system . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-1
4.2 ACAS I general provisions and characteristics . . . 4-3
4.3 General provisions relating to ACAS I1
and ACAS I11 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-5
4.4 Performance of the ACAS I1 collision
avoidance logic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4-28
4.5 ACAS use of extended quitter reports . . . . . . . . . 4-41
Attachment . Guidance material related to
airborne collision avoidance system (ACAS) . . . . . . ATT-1
1 . Equipmeni. functions and capabilities . . . . . . . . . A'IT-1
2 . Factors affecting system. performance . . . . . . . . . A m 4
3 . Considerations on technical implementation . . . . A n - 5
4 . Typical algorithms and parameters for ihreat
dctcction and generation of advisories . . . . . . . . . AT-36
5. ACAS II usc of hybrid surveillance techniques . . ATT 48
6 . Performance of the collision avo~dancelo gic . . . AT-50
ANNEX 10 .VO LUME 1V
THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK
FOREWORD
Historical background
Standards and Recommended Practices for Aeronautical Telecommunications
were first adopted by the Council on 30 May
1949 pursuant to the provisions of Article 37 of the Convention
on International Civil Aviation (Chicago 1944) and
designated as Annex 10 to the Convention. Thcy became
effective on 1 March 1950. The Standards and Recommended
Practices were based on recommendations of the Communications
Division at its Third Session in January 1949.
Up to and including the Seventh Edition, Annex 10 was
published in one volume containing four Parts together with
associated attachments: Part I - Equipment and Systems,
Part I1 - Radio Frequencies, Part III - Procedures, and
Part IV - Codes and Abbreviations.
13y Amendment 42, Part IV was deleted from the Annex;
the codes and abbreviations contained in that Part were
transferred to a new document. Doc 8400.
As a result of the adoption of Amendment 44 on 31 May
1965, the Seventh Edition of Annex 10 was replaced by two
volumes: Volume I (First Edition) containing Part 1 -
Equipment and Systems, and Part 11 - Radio Frequencies, and
Volume I1 (First Edition) containing Communication
Procedures.
As a result of the adoption of Amendment 70 on 20 March
1995, Annex 10 was restructured to include five volun~es:
Volume I - Kadio Navigation Aids; Volume ll - Communication
Procedures; Volume III - Communication Systems;
Volume IV - Sluveillance Rada~ arid Collisior~ Avuidmce
Systems; and Volume V - Aeronautical Radio Frequency
Spectrum Utilization. By Amendment 70, Volumes III and IV
were published in 1995 and Volume V was planned for publication
with Amendment 71.
Table A shows the origin of amendments to Annex 10,
Volume IV subsequent to Amendment 70, together with a
summary of the principal subjects involved and the dates on
which the Annex and the amendments were adopted by
Council, when they became effective and when they became
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